gre考试阅读真题解析(B)
<p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mechanization">mechanization</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="revolutionary">revolutionary</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="household">household</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="sphere">sphere</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fundamentally">fundamentally</span> <span word="altered">altered</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="society">society</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="factories">factories</span>, <span word="Jules">Jules</span> <span word="Simon">Simon</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="politician">politician</span>, <span word="warned">warned</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="women">women</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="femininity">femininity</span>. <span word="Friedrich">Friedrich</span> <span word="Engels">Engels</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="predicted">predicted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="liberated">liberated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span>, <span word="legal">legal</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="subordination">subordination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="technological">technological</span> <span word="developments">developments</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="recruitment">recruitment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>. <span word="Observers">Observers</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="differed">differed</span> <span word="concerning">concerning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="desirability">desirability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mechanizations">mechanizations</span> <span word="effects">effects</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="transform">transform</span> <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>.</p><p> <span word="Historians">Historians</span>, <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="investigating">investigating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span>, <span word="now">now</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="transforming">transforming</span> <span word="power">power</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="conclude">conclude</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="dramatic">dramatic</span> <span word="technological">technological</span> <span word="innovations">innovations</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spinning">spinning</span> <span word="jenny">jenny</span> , <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sewing">sewing</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="typewriter">typewriter</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vacuum">vacuum</span> <span word="cleaner">cleaner</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="resulted">resulted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="dramatic">dramatic</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prevailing">prevailing</span> <span word="evaluation">evaluation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="textile">textile</span> <span word="mills">mills</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Industrial">Industrial</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="extension">extension</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="young">young</span>, <span word="single">single</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="domestics">domestics</span> . <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="separation">separation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="secretarial">secretarial</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="apprenticeship">apprenticeship</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="managers">managers</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="administrative">administrative</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1880<span word="s">s</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dead">dead</span>-<span word="end">end</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>, <span word="thenceforth">thenceforth</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="employed">employed</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twentieth">twentieth</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mechanization">mechanization</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="housework">housework</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="leisure">leisure</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="necessity">necessity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="shrank">shrank</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="pool">pool</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>, <span word="previously">previously</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="hire">hire</span>.</p>
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