gre考试阅读真题解析(B)
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="perfectly">perfectly</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="employergovernment">employergovernment</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="privateshould">privateshould</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="differentials">differentials</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="men">men</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="sex">sex</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unlikely">unlikely</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>. <span word="Differences">Differences</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="differentials">differentials</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="employer">employer</span>. <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employers">employers</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="greater">greater</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="discriminated">discriminated</span> <span word="against">against</span>, <span word="government">government</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Fuchs">Fuchs</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span>. <span word="Fuchss">Fuchss</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="composed">composed</span> <span word="entirely">entirely</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> 14. 6 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="composed">composed</span> <span word="exclusively">exclusively</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employees">employees</span>, <span word="other">other</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="equal">equal</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="addition">addition</span>, <span word="both">both</span> <span word="Fuchs">Fuchs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Sanborn">Sanborn</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="employed">employed</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employer">employer</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="employees">employees</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span>, <span word="Brown">Brown</span> <span word="selected">selected</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="sample">sample</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="White">White</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970 <span word="Census">Census</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="categories">categories</span>: <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employees">employees</span>, <span word="government">government</span> <span word="employees">employees</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="employed">employed</span>. <span word="Browns">Browns</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="controlled">controlled</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="education">education</span>, <span word="labor">labor</span>-<span word="force">force</span> <span word="participation">participation</span>, <span word="mobility">mobility</span>, <span word="motivation">motivation</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eliminate">eliminate</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="explanations">explanations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="studys">studys</span> <span word="results">results</span>. <span word="Browns">Browns</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="men">men</span>, <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="earnings">earnings</span> <span word="category">category</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="next">next</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="lowest">lowest</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="women">women</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reversed">reversed</span>.</p>
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