2014年职称英语考试词汇复习名师指导之名词
<p> 1.名词的分类</p><p> 专有名词是指某个(些)个人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如：<span word="Obama">Obama</span>，<span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>，<span word="State">State</span> <span word="Department">Department</span>.</p><p> 普通名词是指一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称，如：<span word="worker">worker</span>，<span word="steel">steel</span>，<span word="enthusiasm">enthusiasm</span>.</p><p> 普通名词又可分为下面四类：</p><p> (1)个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如<span word="doctor">doctor</span>，<span word="country">country</span>等。</p><p> (2).集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如<span word="family">family</span>，<span word="staff">staff</span>等。</p><p> (3)物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如<span word="air">air</span>，<span word="tea">tea</span>，<span word="cotton">cotton</span>等</p><p> (4)抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如<span word="work">work</span> <span word="happiness">happiness</span>，<span word="information">information</span>，<span word="enthusiasm">enthusiasm</span>.</p><p> 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。</p><p> 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。</p><p> 2.名词的数</p><p> 可数名词都有单数和复数两种形式，复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾-<span word="s">s</span>构成。加-<span word="s">s</span>词尾的主要方法是：</p><p> 情况 加法 例词 一般情况</p><p> 加-<span word="s">s</span></p><p> <span word="girl">girl</span>-<span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="book">book</span>-<span word="books">books</span></p><p> 以<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="x">x</span>, <span word="ch">ch</span>, <span word="sh">sh</span>收尾的词</p><p> 加-<span word="es">es</span></p><p> <span word="class">class</span>-<span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="box">box</span>-<span word="boxes">boxes</span></p>
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