2014年职称英语考试词汇复习名师指导之构词法
<p> 英语主要有三种构词法：转化、派生和合成。</p><p> 1.转化：由一个词类转化为另一词类：</p><p> (1)动词转化为名词：</p><p> <span word="Let">Let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="try">try</span>. 我来试一试。</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="swim">swim</span>. 我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。</p><p> <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>.妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。</p><p> <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="judge">judge</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="looks">looks</span>.不要凭外表判断人。</p><p> (2)名词转化为动词：</p><p> <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="chaired">chaired</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>? 谁主持会议?</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="seat">seat</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="people">people</span>.它能坐一千人。</p><p> <span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="booked">booked</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="ticket">ticket</span>?你的票买好了吗?</p><p> <span word="Handin">Handin</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span>-<span word="books">books</span>, <span word="please">please</span>.请把练习本交上来。</p><p> 2.派生：通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词：</p><p> (1)前缀一般不造成词类的转变，而只是引起意思上的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词：</p><p> 前缀 意思 例词 <span word="un">un</span>-</p><p> 不</p><p> 做相作</p><p> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="uncomfortable">uncomfortable</span></p><p> <span word="undressundo">undressundo</span></p><p> <span word="dis">dis</span>-</p><p> 不</p><p> 做相作</p><p> <span word="dislike">dislike</span> <span word="disagree">disagree</span></p><p> <span word="disinfect">disinfect</span> <span word="disconnect">disconnect</span></p>
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