2015年职称英语(理工类)教材完形填空文章及译文(2)
<p> <span word="Avalanche">Avalanche</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="Safety">Safety</span></p><p> <span word="An">An</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="flow">flow</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>, <span word="often">often</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="water">water</span>, <span word="down">down</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mountainside">mountainside</span>. <span word="Avalanches">Avalanches</span> <span word="are">are</span>____1____ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="dangers">dangers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mountains">mountains</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="property">property</span>.</p><p> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="avalanches">avalanches</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="over">over</span>-<span word="burden">burden</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="material">material</span>, <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="snowpack">snowpack</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unstable">unstable</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slope">slope</span>____2____ <span word="supports">supports</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Determining">Determining</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="load">load</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="over">over</span>-<span word="burden">burden</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span>____3____ <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span>, ____4____ <span word="acomplex">acomplex</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="involving">involving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evaluation">evaluation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>.</p><p> <span word="Terrain">Terrain</span> <span word="slopes">slopes</span> <span word="flatter">flatter</span> <span word="than">than</span>25<span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="steeper">steeper</span> <span word="than">than</span>60<span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span> ____5____ <span word="of">of</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span>. <span word="Snow">Snow</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span>____6____ <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="steep">steep</span> <span word="slopes">slopes</span>; <span word="also">also</span>, <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> ____7____ <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="flat">flat</span> <span word="slopes">slopes</span>. <span word="Human">Human</span>-<span word="triggered">triggered</span> <span word="avalanches">avalanches</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="incidence">incidence</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="snows">snows</span> <span word="angle">angle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rest">rest</span>1 <span word="is">is</span>____8____ 35 <span word="and">and</span>45 <span word="degrees">degrees</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="angle">angle</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="angle">angle</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="incidence">incidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="avalanches">avalanches</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span>, <span word="is">is</span>38<span word="degrees">degrees</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rule">rule</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thumb">thumb</span>2 <span word="is">is</span>: <span word="A">A</span> <span word="slope">slope</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>____9____ <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="steep">steep</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ski">ski</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="generate">generate</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span>, <span word="regardless">regardless</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="angle">angle</span>. <span word="Additionally">Additionally</span>3, <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="with">with</span> ____10____;<span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="slope">slope</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="disturbed">disturbed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="skiers">skiers</span>, <span word="die">die</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="lijkely">lijkely</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="occur">occur</span>.</p><p> <span word="Due">Due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complexity">complexity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>, <span word="winter">winter</span> <span word="travelling">travelling</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="backcountry">backcountry</span>4 <span word="is">is</span> <span word="never">never</span> 100% <span word="safe">safe</span>. <span word="Good">Good</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="continuous">continuous</span>____11____,, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="route">route</span> <span word="selection">selection</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="examination">examination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="snowpack">snowpack</span>, <span word="weather">weather</span>____12____ <span word="and">and</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>. <span word="Several">Several</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="known">known</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="habits">habits</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="also">also</span>____13____ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="risk">risk</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="authorities">authorities</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="reports">reports</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="warnings">warnings</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> ____14____ <span word="to">to</span>. <span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tracks">tracks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="evaluations">evaluations</span>; <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="made">made</span>. <span word="Observe">Observe</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="terrain">terrain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="note">note</span> <span word="obvious">obvious</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span> <span word="paths">paths</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="are">are</span>____15____ <span word="or">or</span> <span word="damaged">damaged</span>. <span word="Avoid">Avoid</span> <span word="traveling">traveling</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="trigger">trigger</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="avalanche">avalanche</span>.</p>
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