2015年职称英语理工类考试教材阅读判断重点文章及译文(3)
<p> <span word="Smoking">Smoking</span></p><p> <span word="Since">Since</span> 1939, <span word="numerous">numerous</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="hazard">hazard</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="consistent">consistent</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="risk">risk</span>. <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="teams">teams</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="reasonable">reasonable</span> <span word="doubt">doubt</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="tobacco">tobacco</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shortened">shortened</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span>1.</p><p> <span word="Cigarette">Cigarette</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="field">field</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="throat">throat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="organs">organs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span>. <span word="Male">Male</span> <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="smokers">smokers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="males">males</span>. <span word="Female">Female</span> <span word="smokers">smokers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="affected">affected</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="breathe">breathe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="deeply">deeply</span>.</p><p> <span word="Apart">Apart</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="statistics">statistics</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="helpful">helpful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="tobacco">tobacco</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="body">body</span>. <span word="Smoke">Smoke</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mixture">mixture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gases">gases</span>, <span word="vaporized">vaporized</span> <span word="chemicals">chemicals</span>, <span word="minute">minute</span> <span word="particles">particles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ash">ash</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="solids">solids</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="nicotine">nicotine</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="poison">poison</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="tar">tar</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="breathed">breathed</span> <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="components">components</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="membranes">membranes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="tube">tube</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bronchus">bronchus</span> <span word="divides">divides</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="lung">lung</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="begins">begins</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="point">point</span>.</p><p> <span word="Filters">Filters</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="tar">tar</span> <span word="tobacco">tobacco</span>2 <span word="are">are</span> <span word="claimed">claimed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="safer">safer</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="eliminate">eliminate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hazards">hazards</span>.</p><p> 注释：</p>
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