2013年职称英语理工类阅读理解练习4
<p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Industrial">Industrial</span> <span word="Age">Age</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Employment">Employment</span></p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="end">end</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reversed">reversed</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="daunting">daunting</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>. <span word="But">But</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prospect">prospect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="Universal">Universal</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="shows">shows</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="freedom">freedom</span>.</p><p> <span word="Employment">Employment</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enclosures">enclosures</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 17<span word="th">th</span> <span word="and">and</span> 18<span word="th">th</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="dependent">dependent</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="depriving">depriving</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="land">land</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>. <span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="destroyed">destroyed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cottage">cottage</span> <span word="industries">industries</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="removed">removed</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="homes">homes</span>. <span word="Later">Later</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="transport">transport</span> <span word="improved">improved</span>, <span word="first">first</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="rail">rail</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="road">road</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="commuted">commuted</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="distances">distances</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="eventually">eventually</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="connection">connection</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="lived">lived</span>.</p><p> <span word="Meanwhile">Meanwhile</span>, <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="disadvantage">disadvantage</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="pre">pre</span>-<span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="times">times</span>, <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="household">household</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="village">village</span> <span word="community">community</span>. <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="customary">customary</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="husband">husband</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>, <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unpaid">unpaid</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>. <span word="Tax">Tax</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="regulations">regulations</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="assume">assume</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="norm">norm</span> <span word="today">today</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="restrict">restrict</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="flexible">flexible</span> <span word="sharing">sharing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="roles">roles</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sexes">sexes</span>.</p>
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