2015职称英语考试综合类A级阅读理解题(4)
<p> <span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="enzymes">enzymes</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="produces">produces</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="amounts">amounts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="sugar">sugar</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="production">production</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="sweet">sweet</span> <span word="drinks">drinks</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>，<span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="reactions">reactions</span> <span word="generate">generate</span> <span word="electrical">electrical</span> <span word="currents">currents</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="relies">relies</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="precious">precious</span> <span word="metals">metals</span>，<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="platinum">platinum</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>，<span word="enzymes">enzymes</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="job">job</span>，<span word="breaking">breaking</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="sugars">sugars</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="obtain">obtain</span> <span word="electrons">electrons</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>.</p><p> <span word="When">When</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="enzymes">enzymes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="active">active</span>，<span word="says">says</span> <span word="Shelley">Shelley</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="Minteer">Minteer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="St">St</span> <span word="Louis">Louis</span> <span word="University">University</span>1.<span word="Whereas">Whereas</span> <span word="biological">biological</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="continually">continually</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="enzymes">enzymes</span>，<span word="theres">theres</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="replace">replace</span> <span word="enzymes">enzymes</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="degrade">degrade</span>.</p><p> <span word="Minteer">Minteer</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Tamara">Tamara</span> <span word="Klotzbach">Klotzbach</span>，<span word="also">also</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="St">St</span> <span word="Louis">Louis</span> <span word="University">University</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="polymers">polymers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="wrap">wrap</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="enzyme">enzyme</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="preserve">preserve</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="microscopic">microscopic</span> <span word="pocket">pocket</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="tailor">tailor</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="pockets">pockets</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="microenvironment">microenvironment</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enzyme">enzyme</span>，<span word="Minteer">Minteer</span> <span word="says">says</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="polymers">polymers</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enzyme">enzyme</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="days">days</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="Cell">Cell</span>，<span word="tiny">tiny</span> <span word="polymer">polymer</span> <span word="bags">bags</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="enzyme">enzyme</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="embedded">embedded</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="membrane">membrane</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="coats">coats</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="electrodes">electrodes</span>.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="glucose">glucose</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sugary">sugary</span> <span word="liquid">liquid</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pocket">pocket</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="enzyme">enzyme</span> <span word="oxidizes">oxidizes</span> <span word="it">it</span>，<span word="releasing">releasing</span> <span word="electrons">electrons</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="protons">protons</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="electrons">electrons</span> <span word="cross">cross</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="membrane">membrane</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wire">wire</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="travel">travel</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="electrode">electrode</span>，<span word="where">where</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="react">react</span> <span word="with">with</span>.<span word="oxygen">oxygen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="atmosphere">atmosphere</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="water">water</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="flow">flow</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="electrons">electrons</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wire">wire</span> <span word="constitutes">constitutes</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="electrical">electrical</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="generate">generate</span> <span word="power">power</span>.</p>
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