2015职称英语A级考试阅读理解综合类专项练习(2)
<p> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Education">Education</span></p><p> <span word="In">In</span> 18<span word="th">th</span>-<span word="century">century</span> <span word="colonial">colonial</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="professionals">professionals</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="London">London</span>, <span word="Paris">Paris</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</span>. <span word="Medicine">Medicine</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="formally">formally</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="specialists">specialists</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span>, <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1765, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1767 <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Kings">Kings</span> <span word="College">College</span> , <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="institution">institution</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="colonies">colonies</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>. <span word="Following">Following</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Columbia">Columbia</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="faculty">faculty</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="combined">combined</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="College">College</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Physicians">Physicians</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Surgeons">Surgeons</span>, <span word="chartered">chartered</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1809, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="survives">survives</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="division">division</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Columbia">Columbia</span> <span word="University">University</span>.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> 1893 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Johns">Johns</span> <span word="Hopkins">Hopkins</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="applicants">applicants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="afford">afford</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="proprietary">proprietary</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="profit">profit</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="facilities">facilities</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 1910 <span word="Abraham">Abraham</span> <span word="Flexner">Flexner</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="reformer">reformer</span>, <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Education">Education</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span>, <span word="exposing">exposing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="proprietary">proprietary</span> <span word="schools">schools</span>. <span word="Subsequently">Subsequently</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Association">Association</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Association">Association</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Colleges">Colleges</span> <span word="laid">laid</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="content">content</span>, <span word="qualifications">qualifications</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>, <span word="laboratory">laboratory</span> <span word="facilities">facilities</span>, <span word="connection">connection</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="hospitals">hospitals</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="licensing">licensing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="professionals">professionals</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="survive">survive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="day">day</span>.</p>
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