阅读理解考试《综合类》职称英语练习题以及答案(4)
<p> <span word="High">High</span> <span word="Stress">Stress</span> <span word="May">May</span> <span word="Damage">Damage</span> <span word="Memory">Memory</span></p><p> <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="issued">issued</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="May">May</span> 1998, <span word="elderly">elderly</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="consistently">consistently</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="score">score</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="peers">peers</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span>. <span word="Whats">Whats</span> <span word="more">more</span>, <span word="high">high</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="shrinking">shrinking</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="region">region</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="memory">memory</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="normal">normal</span>, <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="accelerate">accelerate</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="aging">aging</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="pride">pride</span> <span word="substantial">substantial</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="hippocampal">hippocampal</span> <span word="aging">aging</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="elderly">elderly</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>,<span word="write">write</span> <span word="Nada">Nada</span> <span word="Porter">Porter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Philip">Philip</span> <span word="Landfield">Landfield</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Kentucky">Kentucky</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Lexington">Lexington</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="editorial">editorial</span>. <span word="Cortisol">Cortisol</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="glands">glands</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span>.</p><p> <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="a">a</span> 5 <span word="to">to</span> 6-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="period">period</span>, <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Sonia">Sonia</span> <span word="Lupien">Lupien</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="measured">measured</span> 24-<span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="in">in</span> 51 <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> 70<span word="s">s</span>.</p><p> <span word="Despite">Despite</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="variation">variation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="levels">levels</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="subgroups">subgroups</span>: <span word="those">those</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="progressively">progressively</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="high">high</span>; <span word="those">those</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="progressively">progressively</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="moderate">moderate</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="moderate">moderate</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span>/<span word="high">high</span> <span word="category">category</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decreasing">decreasing</span>/<span word="moderate">moderate</span> <span word="group">group</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="memory">memory</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span>/<span word="high">high</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decreasing">decreasing</span>/<span word="moderate">moderate</span> <span word="group">group</span>.</p>
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