职称英语综合类考试必备练习之阅读理解(五)
<p> <span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="Quality">Quality</span> <span word="Eat">Eat</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="Lead">Lead</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Software">Software</span>?</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="software">software</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="quality">quality</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="kiss">kiss</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="bye">bye</span>. <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="India">India</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="world">world</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="software">software</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="weapon">weapon</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attract">attract</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="specialists">specialists</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="voices">voices</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="listened">listened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="country">country</span>.</p><p> <span word="Already">Already</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> 12 <span word="software">software</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="earned">earned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="rating">rating</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="India">India</span>. <span word="Thats">Thats</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="methodologies">methodologies</span> <span word="rejected">rejected</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="software">software</span> <span word="specialists">specialists</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>, <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="specialists">specialists</span>, <span word="W">W</span>. <span word="Edwards">Edwards</span> <span word="Deming">Deming</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="J">J</span>. <span word="M">M</span>. <span word="Juran">Juran</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="urged">urged</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="software">software</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="quality">quality</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="deaf">deaf</span> <span word="ears">ears</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. -<span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> 1980<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="grabbing">grabbing</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span> <span word="products">products</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="Demings">Demings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Jurans">Jurans</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="as">as</span> 5% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="costs">costs</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="factories">factories</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="was">was</span> 10 <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="high">high</span>: 50%. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="software">software</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="is">is</span>.</p><p> <span word="Watts">Watts</span> <span word="S">S</span>. <span word="Humphrey">Humphrey</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> 27 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="IBM">IBM</span> <span word="heading">heading</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="software">software</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="assurance">assurance</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="seldom">seldom</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="retired">retired</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="IBM">IBM</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1986. <span word="In">In</span> 1987, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="assessing">assessing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> <span word="software">software</span> <span word="quality">quality</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="again">again</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="in">in</span> 1990 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Raytheon">Raytheon</span> <span word="Electronics">Electronics</span> <span word="Systems">Systems</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> 60% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="software">software</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="costs">costs</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="to">to</span> 15% <span word="in">in</span> 1996 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="below">below</span> 10%.</p>
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