综合类职称英语阅读理解的考核目标和例题解析(四)
<p> 3. 根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义</p><p> 在阅读理解测试中必然要考查对词或词组的意思的理解。这也是测试考生阅读能力的一种方法。在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的情景、上下文所限制的，因此可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的句法、构词法和词汇等知识确定它们的意义。掌握这一基本技能不仅能帮助读者从词或词组的多种义项中选择符合上下文的解释，而且往往还能推测某些生词的大致意思。常见的这类题型有：</p><p> 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> ... <span word="in">in</span> <span word="line">line</span> ... <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> ______.</p><p> 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="expression">expression</span> ... <span word="is">is</span> <span word="closest">closest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="to">to</span></p><p> 3. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="line">line</span>.., <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> ... <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="means">means</span> ________</p><p> 4. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="line">line</span>.., <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> ... <span word="could">could</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="replaced">replaced</span> <span word="by">by</span> _________</p><p> 5. <span word="By">By</span> ... <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="means">means</span> _________</p><p> 6. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> ..., <span word="as">as</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="means">means</span> ________</p><p> 7. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> ... <span word="means">means</span></p><p> 8. ... <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="context">context</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> _________</p><p> 9. ..., <span word="as">as</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> _________</p><p> 例1</p><p> <span word="Perhaps">Perhaps</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="merciless">merciless</span> <span word="robber">robber</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>, <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complexity">complexity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="Whenever">Whenever</span> <span word="pressures">pressures</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="family">family</span>, <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="community">community</span> <span word="mount">mount</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="item">item</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="program">program</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="society">society</span>, <span word="youre">youre</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="dynamic">dynamic</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="need">need</span> 5.5 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="youve">youve</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> 8.5 <span word="hours">hours</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="drive">drive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ambition">ambition</span>.</p>
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