综合类职称英语阅读理解练习题(1)
<p> <span word="Phobia">Phobia</span></p><p> <span word="Phobia">Phobia</span> is intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. Because of this intense and persistent fear, the phobic person often leads a constricted life. The anxiety is typically out of proportion to the real situation, and the victim is fully aware that the fear is irrational.</p><p> <span word="Phobic">Phobic</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="distinguishable">distinguishable</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span> <span word="specifically">specifically</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="relation">relation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="object">object</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="physiological">physiological</span> <span word="symptoms">symptoms</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span>, <span word="pounding">pounding</span> <span word="heartbeat">heartbeat</span>, <span word="stomach">stomach</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span>, <span word="nausea">nausea</span>, <span word="diarrhea">diarrhea</span>, <span word="frequent">frequent</span> <span word="urination">urination</span>, <span word="choking">choking</span> <span word="feelings">feelings</span>, <span word="flushing">flushing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span>, <span word="perspiration">perspiration</span>, <span word="tremulousness">tremulousness</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="faintness">faintness</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="phobic">phobic</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="confront">confront</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="fears">fears</span>. <span word="More">More</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="object">object</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fear">fear</span>---<span word="an">an</span> <span word="avoidance">avoidance</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="impairs">impairs</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sufferers">sufferers</span> <span word="freedom">freedom</span>.</p><p> <span word="Psychiatrists">Psychiatrists</span> <span word="recognize">recognize</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="phobias">phobias</span>. <span word="Simple">Simple</span> <span word="phobias">phobias</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="fears">fears</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="objects">objects</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="animal">animal</span>, <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="spaces">spaces</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heights">heights</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="type">type</span>, <span word="agoraphobia">agoraphobia</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="open">open</span>, <span word="public">public</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="escape">escape</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>; <span word="agoraphobics">agoraphobics</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="housebound">housebound</span>. <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="phobias">phobias</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="type">type</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="fears">fears</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="appearing">appearing</span> <span word="stupid">stupid</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="shameful">shameful</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="situations">situations</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="phobias">phobias</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="animal">animal</span>, <span word="may">may</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="childhood">childhood</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="persist">persist</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="adulthood">adulthood</span>. <span word="Agoraphobia">Agoraphobia</span> <span word="characteristically">characteristically</span> <span word="begins">begins</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="adolescence">adolescence</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="adulthood">adulthood</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="phobia">phobia</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="adolescence">adolescence</span>.</p>
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