职称英语考试综合类阅读理解例题精解(3）
<p> 职称英语考试综合类2015年阅读理解例题精解 300 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) 250 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) 60 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) 65 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> 4.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inferred">inferred</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> 3 <span word="concerning">concerning</span> <span word="dinosaurs">dinosaurs</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="asteroid">asteroid</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="drastic">drastic</span> <span word="climate">climate</span> <span word="change">change</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="wiped">wiped</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruption">eruption</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="controversial">controversial</span> <span word="issue">issue</span>. 5. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="thesis">thesis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="article">article</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="Volcanic">Volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="deadly">deadly</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Older">Older</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="destructive">destructive</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="Carbon">Carbon</span> <span word="dioxide">dioxide</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="warming">warming</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="calculate">calculate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruption">eruption</span>. 解标题：<span word="Older">Older</span> <span word="Volcanic">Volcanic</span> <span word="Eruptions">Eruptions</span> 本文讲的是远古火山喷发,所以<span word="older">older</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span>应是核心词。 1. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>? <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="brighter">brighter</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="larger">larger</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="hotter">hotter</span>. 分析：细节题。第一题，一般在开头段落寻找答案。 <span word="Volcanoes">Volcanoes</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="destructivein">destructivein</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="carbon">carbon</span> <span word="dioxidethey">dioxidethey</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="wipedout">wipedout</span>擦去、抹去 <span word="life">life</span>生命 <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="ease">ease</span>. 句子是说：古代的火山更具杀伤力，不是因为它们更大，而是因为它们释放出来的二氧化碳更容易把人杀死。所以答案<span word="A">A</span>表述的内容同本段相符。 2. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="Wignall">Wignall</span> <span word="calculate">calculate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span>? <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="estimating">estimating</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="lasted">lasted</span>.通过估计他们持续多长时间。 <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="counting">counting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dinosaurs">dinosaurs</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="killed">killed</span>.通过数死去的恐龙的的数量 <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="composition">composition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lava">lava</span>.通过研究熔岩的化学构成。 <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="comparing">comparing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="wiped">wiped</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="volume">volume</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lava">lava</span> <span word="produced">produced</span>.通过比较火山释放出的熔岩的体积与杀死生命的比例。 分析：毫无疑问这是细节题，核心词就是人名：<span word="Wignall">Wignall</span>。 <span word="Paul">Paul</span> <span word="Wignallfrom">Wignallfrom</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Leeds">Leeds</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="investigating">investigating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="extinctions">extinctions</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="extinctions">extinctions</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> 300 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="coincided">coincided</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="formations">formations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="rock">rock</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="were">were</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> . <span word="He">He</span> <span word="calculated">calculated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="volcanoes">volcanoes</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="comparingthe">comparingthe</span> <span word="proportionof">proportionof</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="volume">volume</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lavathat">lavathat</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="produced">produced</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="size">size</span>, <span word="older">older</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 10 <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="wiping">wiping</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="rivals">rivals</span>. 3. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="dinosaurs">dinosaurs</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="extinct">extinct</span>?恐龙什么时候灭绝的? <span word="A">A</span>) 300 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) 250 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) 60 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) 65 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> 分析：这是标准的细节题，核心词：<span word="dinosaurs">dinosaurs</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="extinct">extinct</span>。而且这题的特点就是数字，所以在接下来的段落中大家要用笔标出所见到的数字加以判断! <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Permian">Permian</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> 250 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="marked">marked</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="floods">floods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="rock">rock</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Siberia">Siberia</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="roughly">roughly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="western">western</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>. <span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="volcanoes">volcanoes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="pumped">pumped</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="about">about</span> 10 <span word="gigatonnes">gigatonnes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="carbon">carbon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="carbon">carbon</span> <span word="dioxide">dioxide</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="warming">warming</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="wiped">wiped</span> <span word="out">out</span> 80 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="marine">marine</span> <span word="genera">genera</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="took">took</span> 5 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="planet">planet</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="recover">recover</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> 60 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="warming">warming</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="disappear">disappear</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="returned">returned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="Wignall">Wignall</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="ignored">ignored</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="wiped">wiped</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dinosaurs">dinosaurs</span> 65 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="primarily">primarily</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="asteroid">asteroid</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="volcanoes">volcanoes</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="adapted">adapted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="dealing">dealing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="CO">CO</span>2. 4.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inferred">inferred</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> 3 <span word="concerning">concerning</span> <span word="dinosaurs">dinosaurs</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="asteroid">asteroid</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="drastic">drastic</span> <span word="climate">climate</span> <span word="change">change</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="wiped">wiped</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruption">eruption</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="controversial">controversial</span> <span word="issue">issue</span>. 分析：题目就告诉我们这是一道推断题，是第三段。这是一道比较难的题目。需要大家要读懂句子，还要有推理能力： 相关的句子：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="Wignall">Wignall</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="ignored">ignored</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extinction">extinction</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="wiped">wiped</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dinosaurs">dinosaurs</span> 65 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="primarily">primarily</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="asteroid">asteroid</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="volcanoes">volcanoes</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="adapted">adapted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="dealing">dealing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="CO">CO</span>2. 主要句子是说：<span word="Wignall">Wignall</span>忽略了6千5百万年前恐龙的灭绝是否跟火山爆发有关，而其他很多科学家都认为恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的影响。这就可以说明科学家们关于恐龙灭绝的原因是由争议的，因此选择<span word="D">D</span>。 5. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="thesis">thesis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="article">article</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="Volcanic">Volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="deadly">deadly</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Older">Older</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruptions">eruptions</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="destructive">destructive</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="Carbon">Carbon</span> <span word="dioxide">dioxide</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="warming">warming</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="calculate">calculate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="volcanic">volcanic</span> <span word="eruption">eruption</span>. 分析：通过题目分析这是一道主旨题。相当于在文章里寻找中心句。其实文章第一段就是中心：<span word="Volcanoes">Volcanoes</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="destructive">destructive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="carbon">carbon</span> <span word="dioxide">dioxide</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="wiped">wiped</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="ease">ease</span>.</p>
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