职称英语理工类的B级阅读理解练习题(2)
<p> <span word="Kidney">Kidney</span> <span word="Disease">Disease</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Heart">Heart</span> <span word="Disease">Disease</span> <span word="Spur">Spur</span> <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="Hearts">Hearts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span>: <span word="If">If</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="diseased">diseased</span>, <span word="better">better</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="on">on</span>1 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>. <span word="Surprising">Surprising</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="somehow">somehow</span> <span word="speeds">speeds</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="ravaged">ravaged</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="surprising">surprising</span>, <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="finally">finally</span> <span word="proven">proven</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="trigger">trigger</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="destruction">destruction</span>, <span word="too">too</span>. <span word="Chronic">Chronic</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="CKD">CKD</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quiet">quiet</span> <span word="epidemic">epidemic</span>: <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="filter">filter</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bloodstream">bloodstream</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="slowly">slowly</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="symptoms">symptoms</span> <span word="arent">arent</span> <span word="obvious">obvious</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organs">organs</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="damaged">damaged</span>. <span word="End">End</span>-<span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>, <span word="with">with</span> 400,000 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="requiring">requiring</span> <span word="dialysis">dialysis</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="survive">survive</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="toll">toll</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>, <span word="s">s</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="sounds">sounds</span> <span word="logical">logical</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="alla">alla</span> , <span word="high">high</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="diabetes">diabetes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="chronic">chronic</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="attacks">attacks</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="factors">factors</span>, <span word="stresses">stresses</span> <span word="McCullough">McCullough</span>: <span word="Once">Once</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fail">fail</span>, <span word="something">something</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span>10 <span word="accelerates">accelerates</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="obviously">obviously</span> <span word="sick">sick</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="old">old</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shockingly">shockingly</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="age">age</span>. <span word="McCullough">McCullough</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="tracked">tracked</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 37,000 <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="peopleaverage">peopleaverage</span> <span word="age">age</span> 53<span word="who">who</span> <span word="volunteered">volunteered</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="screening">screening</span>. <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="markers">markers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="checked">checked</span>: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span> <span word="filter">filter</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>, <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="GFR">GFR</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="glomerular">glomerular</span> <span word="filtration">filtration</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>11; <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="protein">protein</span> <span word="albumin">albumin</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="urinei">urinei</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="anemic">anemic</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="diagnosed">diagnosed</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>.2 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="mostly">mostly</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wake">wake</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="call">call</span>, <span word="McCullough">McCullough</span> <span word="says">says</span>. 1. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="simmering">simmering</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>? <span word="B">B</span> <span word="By">By</span> <span word="urine">urine</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="tests">tests</span>. <span word="D">D</span> <span word="By">By</span> <span word="measuring">measuring</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="volume">volume</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="urine">urine</span> <span word="output">output</span>. <span word="A">A</span> 1,9,000,000. <span word="C">C</span> 50,000. 3. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span> <span word="end">end</span>-<span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="dialysis">dialysis</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="survive">survive</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="estimation">estimation</span>? <span word="B">B</span> 300,000. <span word="D">D</span> 100,000. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="examine">examine</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="carefully">carefully</span>. <span word="C">C</span> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="select">select</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="screening">screening</span>. 5. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="NOT">NOT</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="markers">markers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="function">function</span>? <span word="B">B</span> <span word="Levels">Levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>. <span word="D">D</span> <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="anemic">anemic</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span> 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