meili 发表于 2022-10-18 19:06:24

职称英语综合类阅读理解练习题(35)

<p>  <span word="High">High</span> <span word="Stress">Stress</span> <span word="May">May</span> <span word="Damage">Damage</span> <span word="Memory">Memory</span>  <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="issued">issued</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="May">May</span> 1998, <span word="elderly">elderly</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="consistently">consistently</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="score">score</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="peers">peers</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span>. <span word="Whats">Whats</span> <span word="more">more</span>, <span word="high">high</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="shrinking">shrinking</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="region">region</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="memory">memory</span>.  <span word="The">The</span> <span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="normal">normal</span>, <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="accelerate">accelerate</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="aging">aging</span>.  <span word="The">The</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="pride">pride</span> <span word="substantial">substantial</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="hippocampal">hippocampal</span> <span word="aging">aging</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="elderly">elderly</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>,<span word="write">write</span> <span word="Nada">Nada</span> <span word="Porter">Porter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Philip">Philip</span> <span word="Landfield">Landfield</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Kentucky">Kentucky</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Lexington">Lexington</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="editorial">editorial</span>. <span word="Cortisol">Cortisol</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="glands">glands</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span>.  <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="a">a</span> 5 <span word="to">to</span> 6-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="period">period</span>, <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Sonia">Sonia</span> <span word="Lupien">Lupien</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="measured">measured</span> 24-<span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="in">in</span> 51 <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> 70<span word="s">s</span>.  <span word="Despite">Despite</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="variation">variation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="levels">levels</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="subgroups">subgroups</span>: <span word="those">those</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="progressively">progressively</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="high">high</span>; <span word="those">those</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="progressively">progressively</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="moderate">moderate</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="moderate">moderate</span>.  <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span>/<span word="high">high</span> <span word="category">category</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decreasing">decreasing</span>/<span word="moderate">moderate</span> <span word="group">group</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="memory">memory</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span>/<span word="high">high</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decreasing">decreasing</span>/<span word="moderate">moderate</span> <span word="group">group</span>.  <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="volume">volume</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span>/<span word="high">high</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="was">was</span> 14% <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decreasing">decreasing</span>/<span word="moderate">moderate</span> <span word="group">group</span>, <span word="although">although</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="regions">regions</span>.  <span word="The">The</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span><span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="accelerated">accelerated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="pathological">pathological</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="variation">variation</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="variation">variation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="aging">aging</span>, <span word="write">write</span> <span word="Porter">Porter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Landfield">Landfield</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="chronic">chronic</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="accelerate">accelerate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worsening">worsening</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span>.   1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="memory">memory</span> <span word="is">is</span>  <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span>.  <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="glands">glands</span>.  <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span>.  <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span>.  2. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="may">may</span>  <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="become">become</span> <span word="larger">larger</span>.  <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="become">become</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span>.  <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="be">be</span> <span word="missing">missing</span>.  <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="be">be</span> <span word="totally">totally</span> <span word="damaged">damaged</span>.  3. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="article">article</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="worried">worried</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="nervous">nervous</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="overwork">overwork</span>,  <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="glands">glands</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span>.  <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="glands">glands</span>.  <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>.  <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cortisol">cortisol</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="poorer">poorer</span> <span word="memory">memory</span>.  4. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="volume">volume</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span>, <span word="other">other</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="regions">regions</span>  <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="become">become</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="too">too</span>.  <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Become">Become</span> <span word="larger">larger</span>.  <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="may">may</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="size">size</span>.  <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="damaged">damaged</span>.  5. <span word="Porter">Porter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Landfields">Landfields</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span>  <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="aging">aging</span>.  <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="adrenal">adrenal</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="aging">aging</span>.  <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="gradually">gradually</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hippocampus">hippocampus</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>.  <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="None">None</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="correct">correct</span>.  <span word="Key">Key</span>: <span word="DBACB">DBACB</span></p>
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