职称英语理工类B级阅读理解精华练习(7)
<p> <span word="Powers">Powers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Self">Self</span>-<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span> <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="theater">theater</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="leeches">leeches</span>, <span word="acupuncture">acupuncture</span> <span word="needles">needles</span>, <span word="vitamin">vitamin</span> <span word="pills">pills</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="prop">prop</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="healer">healer</span> <span word="artfully">artfully</span> <span word="evokes">evokes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="powers">powers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="healing">healing</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="occur">occur</span>. <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="operates">operates</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="plane">plane</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="impressive">impressive</span> <span word="props">props</span> - <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="medicines">medicines</span>, <span word="elaborate">elaborate</span> <span word="rituals">rituals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mysterious">mysterious</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="tech">tech</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="white">white</span>-<span word="gowned">gowned</span> <span word="cast">cast</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="another">another</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="evokes">evokes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="auto">auto</span> <span word="suggestive">suggestive</span> <span word="powers">powers</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="forcefully">forcefully</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="pretending">pretending</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ignore">ignore</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="mysterious">mysterious</span> <span word="gift">gift</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="healing">healing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cloaked">cloaked</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="anodyne">anodyne</span> <span word="label">label</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="recognized">recognized</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nuisance">nuisance</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="confound">confound</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="trials">trials</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="shadowy">shadowy</span> <span word="twin">twin</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nocebo">nocebo</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="methodological">methodological</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>: <span word="they">they</span> <span word="lie">lie</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="interaction">interaction</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="knows">knows</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="subconscious">subconscious</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bodys">bodys</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="subtle">subtle</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="system">system</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="unknown">unknown</span>, <span word="expectations">expectations</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bodily">bodily</span> <span word="reaction">reaction</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fulfills">fulfills</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="overstate">overstate</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="rule">rule</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thumb">thumb</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> 30 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="symptoms">symptoms</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>. <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span>, <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="pills">pills</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="stronger">stronger</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="doses">doses</span>. <span word="Patients">Patients</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="relief">relief</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="pill">pill</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="dummy">dummy</span> <span word="capsules">capsules</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="Doctors">Doctors</span> <span word="expectations">expectations</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="awesome">awesome</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tooth">tooth</span> <span word="extractions">extractions</span>, <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="painkiller">painkiller</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="sham">sham</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="dentists">dentists</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="assigned">assigned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="drug">drug</span>, <span word="without">without</span> <span word="knowing">knowing</span> <span word="which">which</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="dentists">dentists</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="sham">sham</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="dentists">dentists</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="a">a</span> 50-50 <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="painkiller">painkiller</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>. <span word="Presumably">Presumably</span>, <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="transmit">transmit</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="expectations">expectations</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="subtle">subtle</span> <span word="cues">cues</span>, <span word="often">often</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="knowing">knowing</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="reason">reason</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="properly">properly</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="trials">trials</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="double">double</span> <span word="blind">blind</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="guess">guess</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="effects">effects</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="precaution">precaution</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="crush">crush</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="expectancies">expectancies</span>. 1. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="NOT">NOT</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="feature">feature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="reduces">reduces</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>; <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="healing">healing</span> <span word="powers">powers</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="tech">tech</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span> <span word="rituals">rituals</span>. 2. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="dose">dose</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="mean">mean</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>-<span word="troubling">troubling</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theatrical">theatrical</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. 3. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="refer">refer</span> <span word="to">to</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="Clinical">Clinical</span> <span word="trials">trials</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bodys">bodys</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="hormones">hormones</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="Expectations">Expectations</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="subconscious">subconscious</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>. 4. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="dentists">dentists</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="a">a</span> 50-50 <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="painkiller">painkiller</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="expectations">expectations</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="healing">healing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="taken">taken</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span>. 5. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="saying">saying</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="reason">reason</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="properly">properly</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="trials">trials</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="double">double</span> <span word="blind">blind</span> ? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="physician">physician</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="ignorant">ignorant</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="healing">healing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="physician">physician</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="pill">pill</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="fake">fake</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="pill">pill</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="fake">fake</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="physician">physician</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="pill">pill</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="fake">fake</span>. <span word="Key">Key</span>: <span word="ABCAD">ABCAD</span></p>
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