职称英语考试综合类阅读理解练习题（8）
<p> <span word="Lead">Lead</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="accumulated">accumulated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1960<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> 70<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="were">were</span> <span word="primarily">primarily</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="leaded">leaded</span> <span word="gasoline">gasoline</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span> <span word="originating">originating</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Clean">Clean</span> <span word="Air">Air</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="mandated">mandated</span> <span word="unleaded">unleaded</span> <span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="accumulation">accumulation</span> <span word="worldwide">worldwide</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Nature">Nature</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="air">air</span>-<span word="borne">borne</span> <span word="leaded">leaded</span> <span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="contributor">contributor</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Greenland">Greenland</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="continued">continued</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="Boutron">Boutron</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="metals">metals</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Center">Center</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Scientific">Scientific</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="France">France</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Boutron">Boutron</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1991 <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="arctic">arctic</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="declining">declining</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Boutron">Boutron</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ratios">ratios</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leaded">leaded</span> <span word="gasoline">gasoline</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ratios">ratios</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="European">European</span>, <span word="Asian">Asian</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Canadian">Canadian</span> <span word="gasolines">gasolines</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="enabled">enabled</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="differentiate">differentiate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="sources">sources</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dominant">dominant</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Greenland">Greenland</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="matched">matched</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="gasoline">gasoline</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Ambio">Ambio</span>, <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Northeastern">Northeastern</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span> <span word="markedly">markedly</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="introduction">introduction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unleaded">unleaded</span> <span word="gasoline">gasoline</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="period">period</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ambio">Ambio</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="examined">examined</span> <span word="samples">samples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="layers">layers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="of">of</span> 30 <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="floors">floors</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="England">England</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1980 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1990. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="processed">processed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="redistributed">redistributed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>. <span word="Scientists">Scientists</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="demonstrate">demonstrate</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ecosystem">ecosystem</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reductions">reductions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="atmospheric">atmospheric</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="license">license</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pollute">pollute</span>. 1.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Nature">Nature</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="arctic">arctic</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>. <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Clean">Clean</span> <span word="Air">Air</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desired">desired</span> <span word="results">results</span>. <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>. <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="arctic">arctic</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increase">increase</span>. 正确答案:<span word="A">A</span> 解析:问题问的是：自然杂志上刊登的研究表明什么?第二段开头提到自然杂志上刊登的研究表明从产自美国通过空气传播的含铅气体排放是导致格陵兰雪地中铅浓度高的主要原因。而格陵兰就是位于北极圈内。因此<span word="A">A</span>正确，美国是北极雪中铅污染的主要来源。 2.<span word="Lead">Lead</span> <span word="accumulation">accumulation</span> <span word="worldwide">worldwide</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unleaded">unleaded</span> <span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="was">was</span> <span word="discouraged">discouraged</span>. <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="was">was</span> <span word="prohibited">prohibited</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="law">law</span>. <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="was">was</span> <span word="enforced">enforced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="law">law</span>. <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="was">was</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span>. 正确答案:<span word="C">C</span> 解析:美国法律强制使用无铅汽油后，世界范围的铅金属积累量明显减少了。第一段最后一句话支持这一说法，注意，文中的<span word="mandated">mandated</span>与<span word="C">C</span>选项中的<span word="enforced">enforced</span>意思相同，都是强制的意思。 3.<span word="How">How</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="discover">discover</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Greenland">Greenland</span> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="analyzing">analyzing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="journals">journals</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Nature">Nature</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Ambio">Ambio</span>. <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="comparing">comparing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="compositions">compositions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="leaded">leaded</span> <span word="gasoline">gasoline</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>. <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="observing">observing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="accumulations">accumulations</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arctic">arctic</span> <span word="area">area</span>. <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="elements">elements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Northeastern">Northeastern</span> <span word="America">America</span>. 正确答案:<span word="B">B</span> 解析:问题问的是：科学家是怎样发现格陵兰的铅污染来源的?第三段提到科学家发现美国汽油中的各种铅金属比重不同于欧洲，亚洲和加拿大的。通过比较这些铅比的不同判断出格陵兰雪中铅污染主要来自美国。因此<span word="B">B</span>正确。 4.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ambio">Ambio</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="forests">forests</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="rid">rid</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>. <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="distributed">distributed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="forests">forests</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span>. <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="accumulations">accumulations</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="forests">forests</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span>. <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="the">the</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="layers">layers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="forests">forests</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span>. 正确答案:<span word="A">A</span> 解析:问题问的是：人类环境杂志研究的作者发现了什么?倒数第二段结尾提到森林环境处理铅的速度之快超出科学家们的预期。因此<span word="A">A</span>正确。 5.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inferred">inferred</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="relieved">relieved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unleaded">unleaded</span> <span word="gasoline">gasoline</span>. <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="are">are</span> <span word="puzzled">puzzled</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mystery">mystery</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>. <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="sufficient">sufficient</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="combat">combat</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>. <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="still">still</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. 正确答案:<span word="D">D</span> 解析:问题问的是：通过最后一段能推测出什么?最后一段提到了两项研究说明了某些生态系统对大气污染的减少给出了快速的回应，但是这并不能作为进一步的污染行为的许可证。因此<span word="D">D</span>正确，科学家们仍然认为铅污染是个问题。</p>
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