首页 › 职称英语 › 职称英语阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧(2)

meili 发表于 2022-10-18 19:06:10

职称英语阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧(2)

<p>　　2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节　　为了准确理解每篇文章或每段文章的中心思想，我们必须要找到与中心思想有关的事实和细节。一个好的作者必然会引用事实、或分析原因、或对比事物间的关系等以论证自己的论点。常用以提问这类事实和细节的问题有两种。一种是要求找出文章中的重要事实或细节，这些常与<span word="wh">wh</span>0，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="which">which</span>或 <span word="why">why</span>有关。另一种问题是辨认哪些细节在文章中没被提及。这些问题常有<span word="except">except</span>，<span word="not">not</span>，<span word="least">least</span>等。例如：　　1. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> ?　　2. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. <span word="because">because</span>__________　　3. <span word="Sb">Sb</span>. <span word="is">is</span><span word="because">because</span> ________.　　4. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="mention">mention</span> ...?　　5. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="characterizes">characterizes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="feature">feature</span> <span word="of">of</span>...?　　6. <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="describe">describe</span>...?　　7. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="illustrate">illustrate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="discussing">discussing</span> ...?　　8. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="is">is</span> ?　　9. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span>?　　10. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> _______?　　11. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> ... <span word="except">except</span> ________.　　12. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span>?　　13. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> ?　　14. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="items">items</span> <span word="listed">listed</span> <span word="except">except</span>_______.　　为了正确回答这一类题目，读者往往要采用各种阅读方法和解题技巧，也就是综合解题法。在通读全文、掌握文章的中心大意的基础上，首先要仔细看懂问题，明确问的是什么，然后按照题意进行寻读，找到正确答案的根据。　　例1　　<span word="Ours">Ours</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="employees">employees</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="employed">employed</span>, <span word="i">i</span>.<span word="e">e</span>., <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="somebody">somebody</span> <span word="else">else</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="employed">employed</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="employed">employed</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="laborer">laborer</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="farmhand">farmhand</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="substantial">substantial</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="education">education</span>, <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="management">management</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="requiring">requiring</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="two">two</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span> <span word="years">years</span>: <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="upper">upper</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fastest">fastest</span>-<span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="population">population</span> --<span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="worker">worker</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="oldest">oldest</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Industrial">Industrial</span> <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="losing">losing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="numerical">numerical</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="despite">despite</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expansion">expansion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="production">production</span>.　　<span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="employee">employee</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="dubious">dubious</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="promotion">promotion</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="chosen">chosen</span> <span word="field">field</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mechanists">mechanists</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bookkeeping">bookkeeping</span>. <span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="trades">trades</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>, <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="standards">standards</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="preparation">preparation</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="employeeship">employeeship</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="common">common</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="employeeship">employeeship</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="skill">skill</span>. <span word="Certainly">Certainly</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="adequately">adequately</span> <span word="possess">possess</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="trade">trade</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="administrative">administrative</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="executive">executive</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>.　　1. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="modem">modem</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>, .　　<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="laborers">laborers</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="overtake">overtake</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="number">number</span>　　<span word="B">B</span>. <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="laborers">laborers</span>　　<span word="C">C</span>. <span word="employers">employers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="laborers">laborers</span>　　<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="laborers">laborers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span>　　本题具体涉及对第一段的中心意思的理解，尤其是对这段最后一句中<span word="losing">losing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="numerical">numerical</span> <span word="importance">importance</span>的确切理解。这一段的大致意思是，当今的社会已经成为一个雇员的社会。大约在100年前，5个美国人中只有1个人是被雇佣为别人干活的。今天，5个人中只有<span word="l">l</span>个人是为自己干而不被雇佣的。50年前，被雇佣就意味着当工厂或农场的劳动力。而今天，越来越多的雇员是接受过正规教育的中产阶层。他们承担了需要智力和技术的职业或管理工作。50年以来，美国社会的确有两个特点：中层和上层雇员成了工薪队伍中人数快速增长的一部分一其速度之快使得作为工业革命最早的产物的产业工人在人数上相形见绌，尽管工业生产还在扩大规模。所以选项<span word="D">D</span>是正确答案。选项<span word="A">A</span>意思与选项<span word="D">D</span>正好相反。同样，选项<span word="B">B</span>和选项<span word="C">C</span>都不对。　　2. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>, <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="skill">skill</span> <span word="is">is</span>________.　　<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="less">less</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="awareness">awareness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="employee">employee</span>　　<span word="B">B</span>. <span word="as">as</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="relations">relations</span>　　<span word="C">C</span>. <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="employer">employer</span>--<span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="relations">relations</span>　　<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="as">as</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organization">organization</span>　　本题考查读者对文章第二段中关于专门知识和技能的重要性的论点的理解。学生可以 从最后一句找出正确答案。这一句指出，人们失败的原因更多的是不具备当雇员的要素，而不是缺乏本行业的专业技能。因此选项<span word="A">A</span>是正确答案。选项<span word="B">B</span>说的是公共关系的能力， 是误解，因为文章说的是单位内部开展工作的能力，如内部合作的好。选项<span word="C">C</span>把意思颠倒了。选项<span word="D">D</span>说两者同等重要，当然也不对。　　例2　　<span word="To">To</span> <span word="prepare">prepare</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="career">career</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="engineerin">engineerin</span>9, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span>. <span word="Mathematics">Mathematics</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="core">core</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span>.<span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="sixteen">sixteen</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="graduation">graduation</span>，<span word="four">four</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mathematics">mathematics</span>，<span word="one">one</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="chemistry">chemistry</span>，<span word="biology">biology</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="physics">physics</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="remaining">remaining</span> <span word="credits">credits</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="humanities">humanities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="sciences">sciences</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="entering">entering</span> <span word="freshman">freshman</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="a">a</span> 2.5 <span word="grade">grade</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> 4.0 <span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="sch">sch</span>001. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="deficiencies">deficiencies</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="corrected">corrected</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="year">year</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="additional">additional</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="tO">tO</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="completing">completing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="degree">degree</span>.　　1.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="grade">grade</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="entering">entering</span> <span word="freshman">freshman</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span>?　　答案：2.5.　　2.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="career">career</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span>?　　答案：<span word="In">In</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="sch">sch</span>001.　　3.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="situations">situations</span>，<span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="degree">degree</span>?　　答案：<span word="Four">Four</span>.　　4.<span word="How">How</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="credits">credits</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="diploma">diploma</span>?　　答案：<span word="Sixteen">Sixteen</span>.　　5.<span word="How">How</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="credits">credits</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span>?　　答案：<span word="Four">Four</span>. </p>

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