职称英语考试阅读综合辅导第十九讲
<p> 语序： 所谓语序，就是词或句子排列的顺序。 1)形容词 / 副词的位置： 形容词 / 副词的一般语序是： 形容词 + 名词 副词 + 形容词或副词，例如： <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="speaks">speaks</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>. 当有多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，其语序规则比较复杂，语法书上有详细说明，但不可能都一一记住。只要记住基本要点就可以了，即：越能说明被修饰名词性质的形容词越靠近那个名词，例如：他是中国一位年轻的作家。 一般的语序为：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>. 有时，这种语序主要是凭语感，没有多少道理可讲。 要特别注意以下情况的语序： 频度副词：放在<span word="be">be</span> 动词后面，<span word="do">do</span>动词前面，例如： <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="late">late</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="late">late</span>. 不定代词：形容词要放在其后面，例如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span>. <span word="enough">enough</span>的位置：<span word="enough">enough</span>可以是形容词，居名词前，例如： <span word="Lets">Lets</span> <span word="hurry">hurry</span>; <span word="we">we</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 也可以是副词, 但是要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面，例如： <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shelter">shelter</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>. <span word="Available">Available</span>, <span word="present">present</span>等形容词一般放在名词后面，例如： <span word="They">They</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="available">available</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="scene">scene</span>.与<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="scene">scene</span>. 是不同的语序，相同的意思。 注意：只有带冠词的结构才能这样改，例如：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="awful">awful</span> <span word="weather">weather</span>. 就不能做以上更动。 2)附加疑问句： 英语有陈述句、祈使句、感叹句和疑问句。 陈述句排列的顺序一般为： 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 状语，而疑问句则采用倒装的形式，要熟悉附加疑问句以下几个特殊形式： <span word="Lets">Lets</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="walk">walk</span>, <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="we">we</span>? <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="windows">windows</span>, <span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>? <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assignments">assignments</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="Monday">Monday</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>, <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="we">we</span>? <span word="He">He</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="childhood">childhood</span>, <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="he">he</span>? <span word="There">There</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="house">house</span>, <span word="wasnt">wasnt</span> <span word="there">there</span>? 3)感叹句： <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lovely">lovely</span> <span word="pretty">pretty</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="house">house</span> ! <span word="How">How</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="degree">degree</span>! 4)宾语从句要用陈述句语序，例如： <span word="She">She</span> <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="key">key</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="she">she</span>.的语序是错的，应改为 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span>.</p>
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