职称英语考试阅读综合辅导第十七讲
<p> 省略： 1)省略是为了避免重复，保持语言简洁的一种语法手段。尤其是在口语中，省略是个普遍现象，例如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="I">I</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concert">concert</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span>. 想一下，为什么以上句子的应答部分要采用倒装形式? 此外，此类省略形式的要注意的一个问题是：前后时态要一致。 2)就职称考试而言，大家要特别注意由<span word="when">when</span>, <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span>, <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="unless">unless</span>, <span word="although">although</span>等引出的状语从句中的省略现象，比较： 不省略：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="badly">badly</span> <span word="injured">injured</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="motorcycle">motorcycle</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>. 省略：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="badly">badly</span> <span word="injured">injured</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="motorcycle">motorcycle</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>. 不省略：<span word="If">If</span> <span word="irrigation">irrigation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="managed">managed</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span>. 省略：<span word="If">If</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="managed">managed</span>, <span word="irrigation">irrigation</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span>. 从以上两个例子可以归纳出此类从句的省略基本规则： 只有当主句和从句的主语相同时才能采用省略形式，省略时将从句的主语连同<span word="be">be</span>动词一起省略; 如果句子主语与从句的动词是主动关系，采用-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式;如果句子主语与从句的动词是被动关系，采用-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式; 根据以上规则，确定以下题目的正确答案： <span word="If">If</span> ______ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="bath">bath</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="tiredness">tiredness</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="vanish">vanish</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="you">you</span> <span word="take">take</span> 解题思路：由于该句主句的主语是<span word="a">a</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="tiredness">tiredness</span>，不可能发出<span word="take">take</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="bath">bath</span>的行为，故不能采用省略，答案应为<span word="D">D</span>. 在<span word="if">if</span> / <span word="when">when</span> / <span word="whether">whether</span> + <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>, <span word="possible">possible</span>, <span word="convenient">convenient</span>, <span word="important">important</span>, <span word="applicable">applicable</span> 等结构时，则省去 <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>, 只保留 <span word="necessary">necessary</span>, <span word="possible">possible</span>, <span word="convenient">convenient</span>, <span word="important">important</span>, <span word="applicable">applicable</span>等，这是习惯，例如： <span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>. 注意：英语中一般不能说：<span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> / <span word="convenient">convenient</span> / <span word="possible">possible</span>/ <span word="important">important</span>等，例如不能说： <span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>, 或<span word="Come">Come</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="convenient">convenient</span>. 3)<span word="what">what</span>, <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span>, <span word="how">how</span>等 + <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> 的省略形式，例如： <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="now">now</span>;<span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="midnight">midnight</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trip">trip</span>. 但是：<span word="why">why</span> <span word="do">do</span>, 中间不用 <span word="to">to</span> 连接，例如： <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="help">help</span>?</p>
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