职称英语阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧(4)
<p> 4.既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系 阅读理解不能仅仅停留在句子水平上。有的读者对一篇文章的一些个别句子好像是理解的，但由于不能理解它们与上下文中其他句子的逻辑关系，因而整篇文章讲的是什么则不能准确掌握。在阅读理解测试中，考核这一阅读技能的题目是大量的，而且题干的形式和措词没有固定形式，但从考核目标和内容来看，这一类题目往往要求读者准确理解一些有关联的句子之间的种种逻辑关系。例如： 1. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="cause">cause</span>/<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> ... <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? 2. <span word="Sb">Sb</span>. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="asked">asked</span>/<span word="advised">advised</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> ________. 3. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="aim">aim</span> <span word="of">of</span>... <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span> ______. 4. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="for">for</span> ... <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> ________ 5. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="specifically">specifically</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> ... <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> _______. 6. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span> <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> ________ 7. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>/<span word="author">author</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="differ">differ</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="opinions">opinions</span> <span word="about">about</span> . 8.<span word="encourages">encourages</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> _______ 9. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> _________ 10. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="characterizes">characterizes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="feature">feature</span> <span word="of">of</span>... ? 例1 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="painful">painful</span>? <span word="This">This</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="laziness">laziness</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Kleitman">Kleitman</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span>. <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="youre">youre</span> <span word="hot">hot</span>. <span word="Thats">Thats</span> <span word="true">true</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="energetic">energetic</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="peak">peak</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="peak">peak</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="forenoon">forenoon</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>. <span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="monologues">monologues</span> <span word="as">as</span>: <span word="Get">Get</span> <span word="up">up</span>, <span word="John">John</span>! <span word="Youll">Youll</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="again">again</span>! <span word="The">The</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="John">John</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="peak">peak</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>. <span word="Much">Much</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="quarrelling">quarrelling</span> <span word="ends">ends</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="husbands">husbands</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wives">wives</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycles">cycles</span> <span word="mean">mean</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="member">member</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="has">has</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="better">better</span>. <span word="Habit">Habit</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="help">help</span>, <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Kleitman">Kleitman</span> <span word="believes">believes</span>. <span word="Maybe">Maybe</span> <span word="youre">youre</span> <span word="sleepy">sleepy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evening">evening</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="anyway">anyway</span>. <span word="Counteract">Counteract</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="habitually">habitually</span> <span word="staying">staying</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="youll">youll</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="steam">steam</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="point">point</span>. <span word="Get">Get</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="saves">saves</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>. <span word="Get">Get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="leisurely">leisurely</span> <span word="yawn">yawn</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stretch">stretch</span>. <span word="Sit">Sit</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="edge">edge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="minute">minute</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="putting">putting</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="feet">feet</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="floor">floor</span>. <span word="Avoid">Avoid</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="troublesome">troublesome</span> <span word="search">search</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="laying">laying</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="before">before</span>. <span word="Whenever">Whenever</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>, <span word="do">do</span> <span word="routine">routine</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span> <span word="requiring">requiring</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="sharper">sharper</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>. 1. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lazy">lazy</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="he">he</span> <span word="refuses">refuses</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="peak">peak</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="evening">evening</span> 本题在形式上是一个条件句，但实质上是要读者搞清楚人们能否早起同什么有关。也就是说，本题要求找到文章的第一句和其他有关句子的联系。文章的第二句说，有人可能会把这说成是懒散，但 <span word="Kleitman">Kleitman</span>博士却另有解释。 因此选项<span word="A">A</span>显然不对。再根据文章第二段中<span word="John">John</span>的自言自语，以及紧接着的解释：<span word="John">John</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span>-<span word="and">and</span>-<span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="peak">peak</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>.依此推理，不能早起，则很可能和这个人的能量周期有关。因此选项<span word="D">D</span>应是正确答案。 2. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="quarrels">quarrels</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Unawareness">Unawareness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycles">cycles</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Familiar">Familiar</span> <span word="monologues">monologues</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Attempts">Attempts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycles">cycles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="members">members</span>. 本题的关键是看懂文章第二段的最后一句，同时联系本段的第四旬和第五旬的意思。该旬的直接意思是如果丈夫和妻子能明白能量周期是怎么回事，以及家庭每个成员有什么样的周期，很多家庭争吵就会停止。也就是说，家庭争吵的发生是因为丈夫和妻子不了解能量周期是怎么回事，更谈不上了解每个家庭成员有什么样的能量周期了。因此<span word="A">A</span>项：<span word="Unawareness">Unawareness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycles">cycles</span>应是正确答案。 3. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="efficiently">efficiently</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="should">should</span> _______. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="change">change</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="overcome">overcome</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="laziness">laziness</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="get">get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> 本题要求读者找出文章第三段中的最后两句，并联系本段开头两旬的意思，作出正确判断。 文章第三段开头说，虽然你无法改变自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活适合这一周期。<span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Kleitman">Kleitman</span>认为经常性的行为能起作用。最后两句又说，<span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="hourwork">hourwork</span> <span word="beaer">beaer</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="point">point</span>.因此选项<span word="C">C</span>是正确答案。 4. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="advised">advised</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="yawn">yawn</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stretch">stretch</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> ______. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="temper">temper</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="enable">enable</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="concentrate">concentrate</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="routine">routine</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="day">day</span> 本题问的是因果关系。回答这一问题的关键是看懂文章最后一段的第二句和其他句子的联系。首先要注意这一段的第一句<span word="Get">Get</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="saves">saves</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>，也就是说早上慢慢起床可以节省能量。紧接该句的三个句子都是慢慢起床的具体做法。因此选项<span word="A">A</span>是正确答案。 例2 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="some">some</span> 7-8 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="alternating">alternating</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="some">some</span> 16-17 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="wakefulness">wakefulness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="broadly">broadly</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="coincides">coincides</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="darkness">darkness</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="modified">modified</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="mere">mere</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ease">ease</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="round">round</span>-<span word="the">the</span>-<span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reversed">reversed</span> <span word="routine">routine</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wakefulness">wakefulness</span>, <span word="sleeping">sleeping</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="night">night</span>. <span word="Unfortunately">Unfortunately</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="shifts">shifts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="week">week</span>; <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="from">from</span> 12 <span word="midnight">midnight</span> <span word="to">to</span> 8 <span word="a">a</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="one">one</span> <span word="week">week</span>,8 <span word="a">a</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="to">to</span> 4 <span word="p">p</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span>, <span word="and">and</span> 4 <span word="p">p</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="to">to</span> 12 <span word="midnight">midnight</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="on">on</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="routine">routine</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="sleeping">sleeping</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="efficiently">efficiently</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="permanent">permanent</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>. <span word="An">An</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="domestic">domestic</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="night">night</span>-<span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="carried">carried</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Brown">Brown</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1957. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="incidence">incidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="disturbed">disturbed</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="alternating">alternating</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="shifts">shifts</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="abnormal">abnormal</span> <span word="occurrence">occurrence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="phenomena">phenomena</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="permanent">permanent</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="latter">latter</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="meanwhile">meanwhile</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="relieve">relieve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="strains">strains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="alternate">alternate</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="selecting">selecting</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="routine">routine</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knowing">knowing</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="adapted">adapted</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="measuring">measuring</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span>. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="engaged">engaged</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="daytime">daytime</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wakefulness">wakefulness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="night">night</span>; <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="gradually">gradually</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="routine">routine</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="parallels">parallels</span>, <span word="broadly">broadly</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adaptation">adaptation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="whole">whole</span>, <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="performance">performance</span>. <span word="Therefore">Therefore</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="intervals">intervals</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wakefulness">wakefulness</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reversed">reversed</span> <span word="routine">routine</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="selection">selection</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="far">far</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="selection">selection</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>. 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="implementing">implementing</span> <span word="the">the</span> 24-<span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="shifts">shifts</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="intervals">intervals</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="shifts">shifts</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="shifts">shifts</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> 本题考核读者对文章具体内容的理解。这需要联系和概括第三段的第一句和第四段第一句的意思。第三段第一句说，要真正解决这个问题似乎只有把夜班活固定地交给一批长夜班的工人去干。第四段第一句又说，这种专人干长久的夜班的方法看来不失为最佳的长远之计。所以选项<span word="C">C</span>是正确答案。 </p>
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