职称英语阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧(6)
<p> 6.领会作者的观点、意图和态度 与掌握所读材料的主旨和大意类似，领会作者的观点、意图和态度也是阅读理解题中较难解答的问题。回答这类题首先要在阅读过程中注意体会和觉察作者的观点、意图和态度。这种信息有时是直接表达的，但更多的是间接、含蓄的流露。不过，作者的这种主观情感和态度往往和全文的主题和要点相关联。所以，在根据主题和主旨的同时，应注意揣测作者的观点、意图和态度。 下面是这类题的一些常用的提问方式： 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> __ 3. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> ...<span word="could">could</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="as">as</span> 4. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> 5. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> __ 6. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="that">that</span> 7. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="that">that</span> 8. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="illustrate">illustrate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="discussing">discussing</span> ...? 9. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="on">on</span> ... <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="of">of</span> 10. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tone">tone</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? 11. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span> <span word="about">about</span> ...? 12. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span>... <span word="to">to</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> ________ 例1 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hotel">hotel</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="down">down</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> ?50 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="upset">upset</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="room">room</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="now">now</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="sympathetic">sympathetic</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span>. <span word="Everyones">Everyones</span> <span word="losing">losing</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span>. <span word="he">he</span> <span word="said">said</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="wicked">wicked</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="interrupted">interrupted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="knock">knock</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="envelope">envelope</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="contained">contained</span> ?50. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="gentlemans">gentlemans</span> <span word="room">room</span>. <span word="she">she</span> <span word="said">said</span>. <span word="Well">Well</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manager">manager</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="honesty">honesty</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="world">world</span>! 1. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="money">money</span>? <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="office">office</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Someone">Someone</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="money">money</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span>. 作者说：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="room">room</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="now">now</span>，这句话的含义就是 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="money">money</span>。因此，选项<span word="B">B</span>是正确答案。 例2 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="rarely">rarely</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span>-<span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrary">contrary</span>, <span word="both">both</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="enriched">enriched</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="disadvantages">disadvantages</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="streaming">streaming</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="not">not</span>-<span word="so">so</span>-<span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="child">child</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="discouraging">discouraging</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottom">bottom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="grade">grade</span>! <span word="Besides">Besides</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="unreal">unreal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grade">grade</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="aspect">aspect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="personality">personality</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="full">full</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="qualities">qualities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span>-<span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="contributes">contributes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="aspects">aspects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="learning">learning</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="classrooms">classrooms</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="groups">groups</span>: <span word="this">this</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operate">operate</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="share">share</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="leadership">leadership</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cope">cope</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="analyze">analyze</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="evaluate">evaluate</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="communicate">communicate</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>. <span word="Sometimes">Sometimes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="pairs">pairs</span>; <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="assignments">assignments</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="encour">encour</span>~/<span word="ge">ge</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="teach">teach</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="efficiently">efficiently</span>. <span word="An">An</span> <span word="advanced">advanced</span> <span word="pupil">pupil</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="advanced">advanced</span> <span word="work">work</span>: <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="is">is</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="best">best</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="least">least</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="encouragement">encouragement</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attain">attain</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>. 1. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span>-<span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="is">is</span> ________ <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="questioning">questioning</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="approving">approving</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="objective">objective</span> 本题考核学生是否读懂作者对混合编班的态度。要回答该问题，首先要清楚四个选项的不同含义。选项<span word="A">A</span>表示作者持批评的态度，选项<span word="B">B</span>表示作者持怀疑的 态度，选项<span word="C">C</span>表示作者持赞同的态度，选项<span word="D">D</span>表示作者持客观的态度。根据文章的第一段内容，可以看出作者是持赞同的态度，所用的人称代词也是 <span word="we">we</span>，因此答案是选项<span word="C">C</span>。如果是持客观的态度的话，则人称代词不会用<span word="we">we</span>。 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span> <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> _______. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="qualities">qualities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="total">total</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="communicative">communicative</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> 本题要求根据文章的意思推测作者的观点。根据第二段的内容，可以看出学生的<span word="total">total</span> <span word="personality">personality</span>包括了<span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>, <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="qualities">qualities</span>和 <span word="social">social</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>。也就是说这些能力都是<span word="total">total</span> <span word="personality">personality</span>的方方面面。再看一下这一段的第二;三两句，可以得出正确的答案应该是选项8。其他几个选项的意思都不全面，都不能反映作者的充分开发学生的全面能力的主张。 3. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span>______. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="notSO">notSO</span>-<span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="recommend">recommend</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="emphasize">emphasize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> 本题要求读者了解作者写这篇文章的意图是什么。文章讨论了两种上课的方式： <span word="streaming">streaming</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span>把学生按能力分班进行教学，和<span word="mixedability">mixedability</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span>把程度不齐的学生混班上课。并对比列举了前者的弊端和后者的种种优点。因此<span word="A">A</span>项是正确的答案。而选项<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="c">c</span>、<span word="D">D</span>中提到的几种做法均为 <span word="mixed">mixed</span>.<span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="teachin">teachin</span>9的具体做法，都不能看做是作者写这篇文章的目的。这个题目要看懂全文才能够答对。</p>
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