职称英语理工类阅读理解备考之练习题(2)
<p> <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="items">items</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="seemingly">seemingly</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="question">question</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Richmond">Richmond</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="GWs">GWs</span> <span word="Columbian">Columbian</span> <span word="College">College</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Arts">Arts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Sciences">Sciences</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="upright">upright</span>, <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="originated">originated</span> <span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="adaptation">adaptation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="scarce">scarce</span>, <span word="high">high</span>- <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="resources">resources</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>. <span word="S">S</span>., <span word="England">England</span>, <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Portugal">Portugal</span> <span word="investigated">investigated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="modern">modern</span>-<span word="day">day</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="competed">competed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="resources">resources</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="ecological">ecological</span> <span word="settings">settings</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="ape">ape</span><span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="resembles">resembles</span> <span word="the">the</span> 6 <span word="million">million</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="ancestor">ancestor</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span><span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="legs">legs</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="switch">switch</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="limbs">limbs</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="monopolize">monopolize</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="resource">resource</span>. <span word="Standing">Standing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="legs">legs</span> <span word="allows">allows</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="frees">frees</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="hands">hands</span>. <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="intense">intense</span> <span word="bursts">bursts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bipedal">bipedal</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="anatomical">anatomical</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="selection">selection</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="strong">strong</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="coula">coula</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="transported">transported</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="time">time</span>. <span word="Similarly">Similarly</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="coula">coula</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="resource">resource</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="ignored">ignored</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="palm">palm</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span> <span word="altogether">altogether</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="coula">coula</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="highly">highly</span>-<span word="prized">prized</span> <span word="resource">resource</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="competed">competed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="intensely">intensely</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Kimberley">Kimberley</span> <span word="Hockings">Hockings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Oxford">Oxford</span> <span word="Brookes">Brookes</span> <span word="University">University</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> 14-<span word="month">month</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Bossou">Bossou</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="crop">crop</span>-<span word="raiding">raiding</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="compete">compete</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unpredictable">unpredictable</span> <span word="Resources">Resources</span>. <span word="Here">Here</span>, 35 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bipedal">bipedal</span> <span word="movement">movement</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="again">again</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="appeared">appeared</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="time">time</span>. <span word="chimpanzee">chimpanzee</span> <span word="n">n</span>.黑猩猩 <span word="bipedal">bipedal</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>. 二足的 <span word="coula">coula</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span>可乐果 2. <span word="ecological">ecological</span> <span word="settings">settings</span>: 生态环境 4. <span word="anatomical">anatomical</span> <span word="chaiige">chaiige</span>: 解剖学上的变化 6. <span word="Bossou">Bossou</span>: 博苏,几内亚的一个地名。博苏森林生活着黑猩猩群落。 8. <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="four">four</span>:增加了四倍 10. <span word="Oxford">Oxford</span> <span word="Brookes">Brookes</span> <span word="University">University</span>: 牛津布鲁克斯大学，创立于1865年，是英国最具特色的综合性大学之一。牛津布鲁克斯大学位于世界学术名城牛津。这里学风浓郁、精英荟萃，历来为求学圣地。 <span word="B">B</span> <span word="Chimpanzees">Chimpanzees</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="legs">legs</span>. <span word="D">D</span> <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="ancestors">ancestors</span> <span word="ecological">ecological</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="resembled">resembled</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="modern">modern</span>-<span word="day">day</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="legs">legs</span>. <span word="C">C</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="upright">upright</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="ancestors">ancestors</span>. 3. <span word="Kyoto">Kyoto</span>, <span word="Universitys">Universitys</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span>. <span word="B">B</span> <span word="preferred">preferred</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="palm">palm</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="coula">coula</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span>. <span word="D">D</span> <span word="ignored">ignored</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nut">nut</span> <span word="altogether">altogether</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="imitated">imitated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="fun">fun</span>. <span word="C">C</span> <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="nut">nut</span>-<span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 5. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? <span word="B">B</span> <span word="Chimpanzees">Chimpanzees</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span>. <span word="D">D</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="legs">legs</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="survival">survival</span>. 2. <span word="B">B</span> 文章报道，科学家通过实验证实黑猩猩直立行走是为了解放前肢，让前肢搬运对其生命至关重要的资源，从而推断出人类祖先也经历了从四足到二足的进化过程。科学家想通过对黑猩猩的实验解释人类直立行走的成因。所以<span word="B">B</span>是答案，<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="C">C</span>、<span word="D">D</span>选项不是科学家进行研究的目的。 4. <span word="D">D</span>黑猩猩用后肢直立行走，搬运资源的效率提高了四倍。选项<span word="D">D</span>符合原意，是答案。选项 <span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span>的内容文章中没有提到，所以不是答案。 参考译文： 第四十八篇 研究人员发现人类开始直立行走的原因 我们大多数人每天都走路而且手里搬着东西。这样的活动看似太简单，大多数人没有疑问。但是一个国际研究者团队已经发现了人类直立行走可能源于数百万年以前适应搬运稀有的、高质量的资源。这些来自美国、英国、日本和葡萄牙的研究者研究了当代黑猩猩争抢食物时的行为特征，试图对什么样的生态环境竟然导致大猿直立行走作出解释。 有两项研究是在几内亚完成的。第一项研究是在京都大学博苏森林的一块天然空地室外实验室进行的。研究者们允许森林里的黑猩猩能得到两种不同的坚果，一种叫油棕榈坚果，自然界随处可见，一种叫可乐果，自然环境中不常见。人们监控黑猩猩在下列三种情形下的行为：只有油棕榈坚果;只有少量的可乐果，大多数是油棕榈坚果;大多数是可乐果，少数是油棕榈坚果。 处于这种激烈竞争的环境中，黑猩猩直立行走的频率增加了四倍。很显然，双足行走可以使它们拿走更多的稀有资源，而且，为了尽可能地一口气多拿，它们积极利用可用到的任何方法，甚至嘴巴。</p>
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