职称英语理工类阅读理解中英文对照精选练习题(9)
<p> 1. <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="cigarettes">cigarettes</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="year">year</span> . <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="roughly">roughly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="equivalent">equivalent</span> <span word="of">of</span> 4,195 <span word="cigarettes">cigarettes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="of">of</span> 18 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="that">that</span> 51% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> 34% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="women">women</span>. 2. <span word="Since">Since</span> 1939, <span word="numerous">numerous</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="hazard">hazard</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="consistent">consistent</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="risk">risk</span>. <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="teams">teams</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="reasonable">reasonable</span> <span word="doubt">doubt</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="tobacco">tobacco</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span>, <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="shortened">shortened</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span>. 3. <span word="Cigarette">Cigarette</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="field">field</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="throat">throat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bladder">bladder</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="oral">oral</span> <span word="cavity">cavity</span>. <span word="Male">Male</span> <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="Smokers">Smokers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="males">males</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="satisfaction">satisfaction</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="Give">Give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="smokedont">smokedont</span> <span word="start">start</span>! 4. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="competent">competent</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="workersthough">workersthough</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="furtherare">furtherare</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="health">health</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="respiratory">respiratory</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="possibly">possibly</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="explained">explained</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="atmospheric">atmospheric</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>, <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="nervous">nervous</span> <span word="stress">stress</span>, <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="substances">substances</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="processed">processed</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="pesticides">pesticides</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="quantities">quantities</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="destroy">destroy</span> <span word="insects">insects</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>. <span word="Smokers">Smokers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="lung">lung</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="may">may</span> <span word="also">also</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="coincidence">coincidence</span>, <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="canned">canned</span> <span word="food">food</span>. <span word="Gradually">Gradually</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="research">research</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="isolating">isolating</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="proving">proving</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="statistically">statistically</span> <span word="irrelevant">irrelevant</span>. 5. <span word="Apart">Apart</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="statistics">statistics</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="helpful">helpful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="tobacco">tobacco</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="body">body</span>. <span word="Smoke">Smoke</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mixture">mixture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gases">gases</span>, <span word="vaporized">vaporized</span> <span word="chemicals">chemicals</span>, <span word="minute">minute</span> <span word="particles">particles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ash">ash</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="solids">solids</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="nicotine">nicotine</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="poison">poison</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="tar">tar</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="breathed">breathed</span> <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="components">components</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="deposits">deposits</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="membranes">membranes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="tube">tube</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bronchus">bronchus</span>, <span word="divides">divides</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="lung">lung</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="begins">begins</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="point">point</span>. 6. <span word="Smoking">Smoking</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="affects">affects</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="vessels">vessels</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Beurgers">Beurgers</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="narrowing">narrowing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="veins">veins</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="feet">feet</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="amputation">amputation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="limbs">limbs</span>. <span word="Smokers">Smokers</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>. 7. <span word="While">While</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="tobacco">tobacco</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="affects">affects</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="health">health</span>, <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="cigar">cigar</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="pipe">pipe</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="nicotine">nicotine</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="diminished">diminished</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latter">latter</span> <span word="forms">forms</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="causal">causal</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mouth">mouth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="throat">throat</span>. <span word="Filters">Filters</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="tar">tar</span> <span word="tobacco">tobacco</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="claimed">claimed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="safer">safer</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="marginally">marginally</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="eliminate">eliminate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hazards">hazards</span>.</p>
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