职称英语词汇选项阅读理解题型分析(3)
<p> 3.概括大意与完成句子 概括大意与完成句子这一题型在过去的职称英语等级考试中是分开考的，这次则把这两种题型放到一篇文章中去考。这两种题型均属于阅读理解简答题，与传统阅读理解简答题不同的是，它不需要考生写出问题的答案，而是给出了几个选项，让考生从中选择搭配。 概括大意题主要考查考生归纳段落主题思想的能力，完成句子主要考查考生掌握短文细节内容的能力。这两种题型，基本能够考核各种阅读技能。解答这类题目时，既要学会抓住文章的中心大意，找出关键词，又要能够运用多种阅读技巧，从句子、语篇的层次把握文章的重要事实和细节。请看例题。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Price">Price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="idleness">idleness</span> <span word="Household">Household</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> 1 <span word="Electrical">Electrical</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="CD">CD</span> <span word="players">players</span>, <span word="videos">videos</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="burglar">burglar</span> <span word="alarms">alarms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="consuming">consuming</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="mode">mode</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="used">used</span>. 2 <span word="Maria">Maria</span> <span word="Sanchez">Sanchez</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Lawrence">Lawrence</span> <span word="Livermore">Livermore</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Laboratory">Laboratory</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Berkeley">Berkeley</span>, <span word="California">California</span>, <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 50 <span word="small">small</span> <span word="electrical">electrical</span> <span word="appliances">appliances</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="doorbells">doorbells</span>, <span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="movers">movers</span>, <span word="VCRs">VCRs</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pool">pool</span> <span word="pumps">pumps</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Policy">Policy</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span> <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="mode">mode</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span> $1 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>. 3 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="lying">lying</span> <span word="dormant">dormant</span> , <span word="running">running</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="clocks">clocks</span>, <span word="maintaining">maintaining</span> <span word="internal">internal</span> <span word="memories">memories</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="displaying">displaying</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="settings">settings</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="consume">consume</span> <span word="around">around</span> 40 <span word="terawatt">terawatt</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="year">year</span> -- <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Chicago">Chicago</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="London">London</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="working">working</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> 15 <span word="watts">watts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="CD">CD</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> 11 <span word="watts">watts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span>. <span word="Satellite">Satellite</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="use">use</span> 14 <span word="watts">watts</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="and">and</span> 14 <span word="watts">watts</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span>. <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="idling">idling</span>, <span word="each">each</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="mode">mode</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="working">working</span>. 4 <span word="Bad">Bad</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Sanchez">Sanchez</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="CD">CD</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="her">her</span> <span word="colleague">colleague</span> <span word="Wolfgang">Wolfgang</span> <span word="Huber">Huber</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="features">features</span> <span word="used">used</span> 28 <span word="watts">watts</span> <span word="and">and</span> 2 <span word="watts">watts</span> <span word="respectively">respectively</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="products">products</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="watt">watt</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="less">less</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Sanchez">Sanchez</span>. 5 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="backs">backs</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="labeling">labeling</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="standard">standard</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="by">by</span> 50 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="author">author</span> <span word="Alan">Alan</span> <span word="Meier">Meier</span> -- <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 20 <span word="terawatt">terawatt</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="month">month</span>, <span word="electronics">electronics</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="Philips">Philips</span> <span word="announced">announced</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="dramatically">dramatically</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="mode">mode</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Factor">Factor</span> <span word="Leading">Leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Waste">Waste</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="Home">Home</span> <span word="Appliances">Appliances</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="Proposals">Proposals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Cut">Cut</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Consumption">Consumption</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Consumption">Consumption</span> <span word="Test">Test</span> <span word="E">E</span> <span word="Terawatt">Terawatt</span> <span word="Hours">Hours</span> <span word="F">F</span> <span word="Nonessential">Nonessential</span> <span word="Electricity">Electricity</span> <span word="Use">Use</span> 1 <span word="Paragraph">Paragraph</span> 2 ____________ 2 <span word="Paragraph">Paragraph</span> 3 ____________ 3 <span word="Paragraph">Paragraph</span> 4 ____________ 4 <span word="Paragraph">Paragraph</span> 5 ____________ <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Factor">Factor</span> <span word="Leading">Leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Waste">Waste</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="Home">Home</span> <span word="Appliances">Appliances</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="Proposals">Proposals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Cut">Cut</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Consumption">Consumption</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Consumption">Consumption</span> <span word="Test">Test</span> <span word="E">E</span> <span word="TerawattHours">TerawattHours</span> <span word="F">F</span> <span word="Nonessential">Nonessential</span> <span word="Electricity">Electricity</span> <span word="Use">Use</span> 5 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="appliances">appliances</span> <span word="use">use</span> _____________ 6 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="electronic">electronic</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sufficient">sufficient</span> <span word="to">to</span> ___________. 7 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> _____________ 8 <span word="Philips">Philips</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="reduces">reduces</span> _______________ <span word="A">A</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="E">E</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="F">F</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="E">E</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="F">F</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> 这是一篇关于家用电器在休眠状态下耗电情况的文章，属科普类。文章内容不难。共分五个自然段，300多词。文章后面第一题至第四题，要求考生给第二段至第五段各选一食小标题;第五题至第八题要求考生从所给的六个选项中为每个句子选一个正确选项，来完成句子。 我们先看概括大意。在做概括大意题时，首先要找的是每段的主题句。文章的第一段总领全文，说的是当今一些家电设备，如<span word="CD">CD</span>播放机之类，在闲置状态下，会浪费很多的电能。 作者在第二段的一开始就介绍了科学家<span word="Maria">Maria</span> <span word="Sanchez">Sanchez</span>和她的同事做的一个实验，他们检了50多种小家电，看看它们的耗电情况。后面讲的是实验结果等。显然，该段的第一句为主题句，概括了这一段的主要内容。根据这一线索，在选项中，我们发现选项<span word="D">D</span>的意思与此相符。因此，选项<span word="D">D</span>为本题的答案。 再看第三段。本段第一句接上一段的内容进一步说明一些电器设备在休眠状态下每天的耗电量。接下来是举例说明。本段第一句同样也是本段的主题句。所给出的几个选项中，哪个选项的意思与这一句话的意思相近呢?显然，选项<span word="F">F</span>与本句意思相同，故为正确答案。 文章的第四段进一步阐明导致电能被白白浪费掉的主要原因，作者引用科学家<span word="Sanchez">Sanchez</span>的话，认为家电设备设计不合理是一个重要因素。第四段的第一句也是本段的主题句。选项<span word="A">A</span>的意思是导致电能消耗的因素，与本段第一句意思相符，故为正确答案。 细心的读者会发现，文章第五段的第一句又是该段的主题句，根据这段中出现的 <span word="proposal">proposal</span>这个词就不难发现选项<span word="C">C</span>为正确答案。 关于完成句子这部分的解题技巧，我们强调指出的是，应根据要完成的句子的前半部分的信息，回到短文中查找这个句子的出处，然后再仔细阅读每个句子，这样会很容易地找出答案。根据这个办法，我们发现第五题的答案为选项<span word="D">D</span>，第六题的答案为选项<span word="C">C</span>，第七题的答案为选项<span word="F">F</span>，第八题的答案为选项<span word="E">E</span>。 </p>
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