职称英语词汇选项阅读理解题型分析(5)
<p> 5.选择填空 本部分为一篇300~450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择<span word="l">l</span>个最佳答案。 表面上来看，选择填空就是要求考生把每个句子中删掉的词给恢复出来。实际上，它考查应试者能否正确把握文章内容的能力，以及对于一定语境中规范的语言成分的掌握。它不仅测试应试者在句子水平上运用语言的能力，它还测试应试者在语篇水平上综合运用语言的能力。因为，选择填空中的填空是与文章的上下文有紧密联系的，不是孤立的、不相关的。因此，要做好选择填空题，必须首先通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和逻辑关系，根据空格所在句子的结构、语法、照应关系、语篇的组织结构等信息，通过逻辑推理和语用推理等手段最后确定答案。 下面我们通过一篇短文来具体讲解如何做选择填空题。 请看这篇短文，文中有15处空白，每个空白处有4个选项。请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 <span word="Television">Television</span> <span word="Television">Television</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="communication">communication</span> <span word="medium">medium</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="operated">operated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="man">man</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="sends">sends</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="endless">endless</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="opinions">opinions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="artistic">artistic</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span>. <span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="minute">minute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="programme">programme</span> <span word="teaches">teaches</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="something">something</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="neutral">neutral</span> . <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="how">how</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="networks">networks</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="entertainment">entertainment</span> ?__________ <span word="news">news</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="affairs">affairs</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="politics">politics</span> <span word="in">in</span> _________ , <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="favorite">favorite</span> <span word="candidate">candidate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="particular">particular</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="influenced">influenced</span> <span word="by">by</span> . <span word="Unfortunately">Unfortunately</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="seldom">seldom</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="express">express</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="hostility">hostility</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="is">is</span>: <span word="how">how</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="improved">improved</span>? <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ordinary">ordinary</span> __________ <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="stations">stations</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="offensive">offensive</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="urge">urge</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="stations">stations</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span>._______ , <span word="these">these</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="propose">propose</span> <span word="regular">regular</span> <span word="analyses">analyses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="commercials">commercials</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="educators">educators</span>, <span word="doctors">doctors</span>, <span word="etc">etc</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="adults">adults</span>. <span word="Television">Television</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span> <span word="medium">medium</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 1. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="absorbs">absorbs</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="mends">mends</span> 2. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="consequence">consequence</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> 3. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="handled">handled</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="watched">watched</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="noticed">noticed</span> 4. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="together">together</span> 5. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="name">name</span> 6. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="entertainment">entertainment</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="progremmes">progremmes</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="television">television</span> 7. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="damages">damages</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="contributes">contributes</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> 8. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="over">over</span> 9. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="among">among</span> 10. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="reader">reader</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="participant">participant</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="listener">listener</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="viewer">viewer</span> 11. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> 12. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="gather">gather</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="organize">organize</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="make">make</span> 13. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> 14. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="refuse">refuse</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="involve">involve</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="receive">receive</span> 15. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="tracks">tracks</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="roads">roads</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> 以下是每道题目的讲解： 1 最佳答案为<span word="C">C</span>。<span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="artistic">artistic</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="US">US</span>.给我们制定道德和 艺术标准。<span word="set">set</span>与<span word="standards">standards</span>搭配是制定标准的意思。 2 最佳答案为<span word="B">B</span>。此题所在的句子的意思是：电视给我们的从来不是中立的影响。从上 下文来看，<span word="influence">influence</span>最为合适。选项<span word="A">A</span>：<span word="consequence">consequence</span>的意思是后果：.选项<span word="C">C</span>：<span word="result">result</span>的意思是结果选项<span word="D">D</span>：<span word="purpose">purpose</span>的意思是目的。 3 最佳答案为<span word="B">B</span>。从搭配的角度来讲，<span word="handled">handled</span>最为合适。<span word="public">public</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="handled">handled</span>指 处理公众问题。 4 最佳答案为<span word="A">A</span>。此句的意思是：一些公共事物如何处理、何时处理，在很大程度上取决于电视网络在资讯和公众事务以及娱乐节目中如何处理这些事情。<span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span>表示以及。 5 最佳答案为<span word="C">C</span>。下面的搭配都是正确的：<span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="short">short</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="general">general</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="name">name</span>。但从上下文来看，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="general">general</span>最合适。 6 最佳答案为<span word="D">D</span>。文章的主题是谈电视，因此在这四个选项中<span word="television">television</span>是最合适的词。 7 最佳答案为<span word="B">B</span>。此句话的意思是：不幸的是，商业电视很少对我们的生活能提供有价 值的东西。<span word="contribute">contribute</span>常跟<span word="to">to</span>搭配。 8 最佳答案为<span word="A">A</span>。<span word="a">a</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="hostility">hostility</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="television">television</span>：对电视怀有深深的敌意。<span word="hostility">hostility</span>常跟<span word="toward">toward</span>搭配。 9 最佳答案为<span word="C">C</span>。<span word="most">most</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="programmes">programmes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="quality">quality</span>大多数的电视节目质量很 差。由<span word="of">of</span>起始的介词词组出现在<span word="be">be</span>类动词之后时，该词组说明主语的性质。因此<span word="C">C</span>为最佳答案。 10 最佳答案为<span word="D">D</span>。<span word="viewer">viewer</span>有多种意义，其中之一就是看电视的人。不用多说，根据上下文，此处<span word="D">D</span>最为合适。 11 最佳答案为<span word="A">A</span>。英文文章较多的写法是从一般到具体。<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ordinary">ordinary</span> <span word="viewer">viewer</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span>.<span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="stations">stations</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="offensive">offensive</span> <span word="advertising">advertising</span>. <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>是论述从一般到具体的一个标记。文章第二段先用<span word="in">in</span> <span word="general">general</span>，后用<span word="in">in</span> <span word="particular">particular</span>，也是这种写法的体现。由于上文用了<span word="can">can</span>，下文自然用<span word="can">can</span>更好些。另外，<span word="can">can</span>此处具有建议的功能，因此比较客气和民主。 12 最佳答案为<span word="C">C</span>。<span word="let">let</span>的填入产生的是语法上错误的句子。9<span word="ather">ather</span>有聚集的意思。从上下文的意思来看，<span word="organize">organize</span>更为合适。<span word="make">make</span>填入空格，造出的也是一个错句。 13 最佳答案为<span word="D">D</span>。空格和之间的句子说的是：这些小组应该提议，由教育家、医生等人定期对具体的电视商业广告和节目作分析。这是市民小组又一件应做的事。因此，空白处应填<span word="in">in</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> 。 14最佳答案为<span word="A">A</span>。由教育家、医生等人定期对具体的电视商业广告和节目作分析的目的 自然是要确定这些节目对儿童和成年人的影响。因此，<span word="determine">determine</span>是最合适的选择。 15 最佳答案为<span word="C">C</span>。<span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="it">it</span>指改进电视的方法。其他的搭配均不妥。四个选项中，只有选项<span word="C">C</span>：<span word="ways">ways</span>有方法的意思。选项<span word="A">A</span>：<span word="tracks">tracks</span>的意思是轨迹;选项<span word="B">B</span>：<span word="roads">roads</span>的意思是道路;选项<span word="D">D</span>：<span word="programmes">programmes</span>的意思是节目。 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