2013年职称英语考试综合类的阅读通关指导2
<p> 如何做词汇理解题</p><p> 在职称考试中经常会出现一些词汇性选择题。词汇性选择题主要是考察考生对一个词汇或短语在特定语言环境下的确切含义。所考的词汇主要有两类： 一类是超出大纲词汇表的词汇，以前没有见过的新词，要求考生根据上下文猜测出它的确切含义。另一类是熟词僻义或者是旧词新义(即原来学过的词在新的语言环境下另有新义)。在这种情况下，考生以前知道的常规词义往往都不是解。有的考生想通过查阅词典来找出答案。实践证明，对于这种考题，查阅词典往往无济于事。考生一定要切记：只有根据上下文才能选出具体的，合乎文章内容的正确词义。因此考生在解题时，首先要对文章上下文有一个正确的理解，利用文章中所给出的线索或暗示来推断词义。根据上下文推断词义主要有以下几种方法：</p><p> (1) 利用定义和释义</p><p> 有时在一篇文章中，作者估计到某个词或词组读者可能不熟悉，就常常在这个词或短语后面直接给出定义或换一种说法进行解释。例如：</p><p> <span word="They">They</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="living">living</span>; <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="budget">budget</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="budget">budget</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="monthly">monthly</span> <span word="expenses">expenses</span>.</p><p> <span word="Experts">Experts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="kinetics">kinetics</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="motions">motions</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="speech">speech</span>, <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discover">discover</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="communication">communication</span>.</p>
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