2014年职称英语考试-阅读理解强化习题(13)
<p> <span word="Income">Income</span></p><p> <span word="Income">Income</span> may be national income and personalincome. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all thefactors of productionnamely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and othercompensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money incomereceived by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does notequal GNPbecause the factors of production do notreceive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect businesstaxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capitalconsumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxesinclude sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid bybusinesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay forthe factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages,salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.</p><p> <span word="Whereasnational">Whereasnational</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="earn">earn</span>, <span word="personalincome">personalincome</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="households">households</span> <span word="receive">receive</span>. <span word="Corporationprofits">Corporationprofits</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="earned">earned</span>. <span word="Out">Out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="theseprofits">theseprofits</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="corporation">corporation</span> <span word="profit">profit</span> <span word="taxes">taxes</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="somemoney">somemoney</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="expansion">expansion</span>. <span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="profitsdistributed">profitsdistributed</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="dividends">dividends</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="individual">individual</span>; <span word="therefore">therefore</span>, <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="corporationprofits">corporationprofits</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="dividends">dividends</span> <span word="count">count</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="income">income</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="earnmoney">earnmoney</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span> <span word="contributions">contributions</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="thismoney">thismoney</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="toindividuals">toindividuals</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="personalincome">personalincome</span>.</p>
页:
[1]