2014年职称英语考试卫生A阅读理解练习(4)
<p> <span word="Sleep">Sleep</span> <span word="Loss">Loss</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="Effects">Effects</span></p><p> <span word="Mental">Mental</span> <span word="fatigue">fatigue</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="threatening">threatening</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="attack">attack</span>. <span word="Recent">Recent</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sleepiness">sleepiness</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span>. <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="error">error</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="between">between</span> 60% <span word="and">and</span> 90% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="workplace">workplace</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span>, <span word="depending">depending</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="observes">observes</span> <span word="biological">biological</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="Dinges">Dinges</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="inadequate">inadequate</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="error">error</span> , <span word="other">other</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="contributes">contributes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="abuse">abuse</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="grades">grades</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="school">school</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="adult">adult</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shut">shut</span>-<span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="standard">standard</span>, <span word="million">million</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="deprived">deprived</span>, <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="less">less</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="household">household</span> <span word="cheating">cheating</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unconscious">unconscious</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span> <span word="habit">habit</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="mid">mid</span> <span word="form">form</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="Ted">Ted</span> <span word="Koppel">Koppel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gym">gym</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Cornells">Cornells</span> <span word="Pollak">Pollak</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="seeing">seeing</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="going">going</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="compensate">compensate</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="sleeping">sleeping</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="weekends">weekends</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shortfall">shortfall</span>. <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="believe">believe</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="imbalance">imbalance</span> <span word="builds">builds</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="accumulate">accumulate</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fully">fully</span> <span word="alert">alert</span>, <span word="contends">contends</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="William">William</span> <span word="Dement">Dement</span>, <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Stanford">Stanford</span> <span word="Universitys">Universitys</span> <span word="Sleep">Sleep</span> <span word="Center">Center</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="twilight">twilight</span> <span word="zone">zone</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="wade">wade</span> <span word="open">open</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="partly">partly</span> <span word="shut">shut</span> <span word="down">down</span>.</p>
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