职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练(30)
<p> 职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练</p><p> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Thomas">Thomas</span> <span word="Starzl">Starzl</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pioneers">pioneers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="organ">organ</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="tO">tO</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="failure">failure</span>.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="liver">liver</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> 25 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>, <span word="died">died</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="operating">operating</span> <span word="table">table</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="determined">determined</span>, <span word="than">than</span> <span word="discouraged">discouraged</span>, <span word="Starzl">Starzl</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lab">lab</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Colorado">Colorado</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="School">School</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="devisedtechniques">devisedtechniques</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="bleeding">bleeding</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="surgery">surgery</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="recipient">recipient</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="rejecting">rejecting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="organ">organ</span>- <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ever">ever</span>-<span word="present">present</span> <span word="risk">risk</span>. <span word="Now">Now</span>, <span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="refinements">refinements</span>, <span word="about">about</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="thirds">thirds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="liver">liver</span>-<span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p> <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="triumphs">triumphs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="surgeons">surgeons</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="tragic">tragic</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>: <span word="a">a</span> <span word="severe">severe</span> <span word="shortage">shortage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="donor">donor</span> <span word="organs">organs</span>. <span word="More">More</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="lists">lists</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="disparitybetween">disparitybetween</span> <span word="supply">supply</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="need">need</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Council">Council</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Transplantation">Transplantation</span> <span word="estimates">estimates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="day">day</span> 15,000 <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="or">or</span>-<span word="gans">gans</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="shortage">shortage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="actual">actual</span> <span word="organs">organs</span>; <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="about">about</span> 25,000 <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="un">un</span>-<span word="expectedly">expectedly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="than">than</span> 20% <span word="become">become</span> <span word="donors">donors</span>.</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="persists">persists</span> <span word="despite">despite</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="organ">organ</span> <span word="recycling">recycling</span>. <span word="Under">Under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="Anatomical">Anatomical</span> <span word="Gift">Gift</span> <span word="Act">Act</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="authorize">authorize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="organs">organs</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="signing">signing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="statement">statement</span>. <span word="Legally">Legally</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="kin">kin</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="vetothese">vetothese</span> <span word="posthumousgifts">posthumousgifts</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="surveys">surveys</span> <span word="indicate">indicate</span> <span word="that">that</span> 70% <span word="to">to</span> 80% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="interfere">interfere</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="roadblock">roadblock</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="experts">experts</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="donations">donations</span>, <span word="either">either</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="offending">offending</span> <span word="grieving">grieving</span> <span word="survivors">survivors</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="regard">regard</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="procedures">procedures</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="experimental">experimental</span>.</p>
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