备战职称英语考试之重点语法精讲(17)
<p> 1) 分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致.否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格.在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等.例如:</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>.</p><p> 完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假.</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="absent">absent</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>.</p><p> 由于他缺席,什么事也没法干.</p><p> 2) 独立结构有时也可以用<span word="with">with</span>/ <span word="without">without</span> +名词+ 分词的结构,表示伴随状况.例如:</p><p> <span word="They">They</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="silently">silently</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="fixedon">fixedon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lake">lake</span>.</p><p> 他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面.</p><p> <span word="With">With</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="me">me</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="lucky">lucky</span>.</p><p> 有他的帮助,我感到很幸运.</p><p> 5 . 容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词</p><p> 像 <span word="interesting">interesting</span> 和 <span word="interested">interested</span> 一类的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下区分:</p><p> 一部分表示情感;心情等意义的动词的现在分词有令人具有性质的的意思,常用来说明人或事物的特征或性质.如:</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="inspiring">inspiring</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.</p><p> 它们的过去分词有感到的的意思,用来指人的感觉或所处的状态,因而它的主语一般不可能是指物的词.如:</p>
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