2015职称英语综合备考辅导：现在完成时
<p> 1 现在完成时的概念</p><p> 现在完成时表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，以及过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。</p><p> 现在完成时是由助动词 <span word="have">have</span>+动词的过去分词构成。</p><p> 2 现在完成时的用法：</p><p> 其主要用法有三种：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> 已完成用法。 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。</p><p> 1.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和<span word="just">just</span>，<span word="now">now</span>，<span word="already">already</span>，<span word="yet">yet</span>，<span word="notyet">notyet</span>等连用。</p><p> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Ming">Ming</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="light">light</span>. 李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯关上了)</p><p> <span word="Ive">Ive</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以交作业或做别的了)</p><p> 2.表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>. 我把笔丢了。(说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔)</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>. 她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师)</p><p> <span word="II">II</span> 未完成用法。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如<span word="today">today</span>，<span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>(<span word="month">month</span>)，<span word="lately">lately</span>，<span word="recently">recently</span>，<span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="days">days</span>，<span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span>. <span word="since">since</span>，<span word="since">since</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>，<span word="since">since</span> 2 <span word="days">days</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>，<span word="since">since</span> 1991，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="longtime">longtime</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="month">month</span>，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="far">far</span>，<span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="now">now</span>，<span word="till">till</span>(<span word="until">until</span>) <span word="now">now</span>等。</p>
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