2015职称英语综合备考辅导：分词
<p> 非谓语动词的概念：非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式。</p><p> 包含的动词类型：非谓语动词主要包括动名词、不定式和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，具有动词的部分语法特征，可以承担句子的任何成分。</p><p> 下面分别对分词类型配合例句进行讲解。</p><p> 分词</p><p> 1.分词作定语</p><p> 1)分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：</p><p> <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reserved">reserved</span> <span word="seats">seats</span>? (=<span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seats">seats</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="reserved">reserved</span>?)</p><p> 预定的座位在哪里?</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pressing">pressing</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. (=<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="pressing">pressing</span>.)</p><p> 这是一个紧迫的问题。</p><p> 2)分词作后置定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开)两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> (= <span word="which">which</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="raised">raised</span>) <span word="are">are</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="homeless">homeless</span>.</p><p> 筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> (= <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span>) <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="examined">examined</span>.</p>
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