主动态表被动的意义
<p> 一般说来，表示被动意义要用被动态，构成被动态的动词必须是及物动词，不及物动词是没有被动态的。但是，英语里有些不及物动试?<span word="span">span</span> <span word="lang">lang</span>=<span word="EN">EN</span>-<span word="USSV">USSV</span>（<span word="A">A</span>）结构中却含有被动意义。这里主要有两种情况：一种是早期英语的残余。</p><p> 例如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="building">building</span>.（房屋在建造中。） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="printing">printing</span>.（书在印刷中）</p><p> 在现代英语中则要求用通常的被动态表示，试比较：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="built">built</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="printed">printed</span>.</p><p> 另一种情况是为数不少的不及物动词可以表示被动意义。不及物动词的这种用法与汉语表示颇为相似，在日常用语中常有所见，值得注意，现摘引若干实例如下。</p><p> <span word="Brownings">Brownings</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="act">act</span>．</p><p> 布朗宁的戏剧不宜上演。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="adjourned">adjourned</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="oclock">oclock</span>．</p><p> 会议于五点钟休会。</p><p> <span word="Tomatoes">Tomatoes</span> <span word="bruise">bruise</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>.</p><p> 西红柿很容易碰伤。</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="belt">belt</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="buckle">buckle</span>.</p><p> 这根腰带扣不上。</p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="voice">voice</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="well">well</span>.</p><p> 我的声音传不远。</p><p> <span word="Enamel">Enamel</span> <span word="wares">wares</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>.</p><p> 搪瓷器皿容易弄干净。</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="properly">properly</span>.</p><p> 这箱子关不拢。</p>
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