分词的用法（五）
<p> 7 分词的时态</p><p> 1）与主语动词同时，</p><p> <span word="Hearing">Hearing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="jumped">jumped</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="joy">joy</span>. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。</p><p> <span word="Arriving">Arriving</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="dead">dead</span>. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。</p><p> 典型例题</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span>, ___<span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="president">president</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prepare">prepare</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="preparing">preparing</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="prepared">prepared</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="was">was</span> <span word="preparing">preparing</span></p><p> 答案<span word="B">B</span>. 此处没有连词，不能选<span word="D">D</span>，否则出现了两个谓语动词<span word="worked">worked</span>和<span word="was">was</span> <span word="preparing">preparing</span>. 只能在<span word="B">B</span>，<span word="C">C</span>中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。</p><p> 2）先于主动词</p><p> <span word="While">While</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="garden">garden</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="leg">leg</span>. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。</p><p> 分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用<span word="having">having</span> <span word="done">done</span>. <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="out">out</span>.</p><p> =<span word="As">As</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="out">out</span>.</p><p> 做完作业后，他出去了。</p><p> 典型例题</p><p> ___ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="again">again</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="receiving">receiving</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Receiving">Receiving</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="received">received</span></p><p> 答案<span word="C">C</span>. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为<span word="not">not</span> +分词，故选<span word="C">C</span>.该句可理解为：<span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="again">again</span>.</p>
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