动名词短语
<p> 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式。动名词的构成和现在分词相同。</p><p> 动名词具有名词的特点：可在句中作主语、宾语和标语。动名词也具有动词的某些特点：要求宾语和带有状语，这是就构成了动名词短语。动名词也有主动和被动、一般和完成等形式。以<span word="DESIGN">DESIGN</span>为例：主动态</p><p> 被动态</p><p> 般式 <span word="Designing">Designing</span> <span word="Being">Being</span> <span word="designed">designed</span></p><p> 完成式 <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="designed">designed</span></p><p> 动名词和动名词短语的用法</p><p> 动名词及短语在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。例如：（1） <span word="Heating">Heating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="vapor">vapor</span>. 把水加热可以使水变为蒸汽。（<span word="Heating">Heating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span>在句中作主语，<span word="water">water</span>是<span word="heating">heating</span>的宾语。）</p><p> （2）<span word="Closing">Closing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="switch">switch</span> <span word="connects">connects</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cranking">cranking</span> <span word="motor">motor</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="battery">battery</span>. 合上开关就把启动马达与蓄电池接通了。（句中<span word="closing">closing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="switch">switch</span>作主语，<span word="switch">switch</span>为<span word="closing">closing</span>的宾语。）</p><p> （3）<span word="Oxygen">Oxygen</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="burn">burn</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="burning">burning</span>. 氧布自燃，但能助燃。（<span word="burning">burning</span>是动名词，作<span word="support">support</span>的宾语。）</p><p> （4）<span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="heating">heating</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="object">object</span>. 能量在于它能做功，或使物体变热。（动名词<span word="doing">doing</span>和<span word="heating">heating</span>均为介词<span word="in">in</span>的宾语。）</p><p> （5）<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dynamo">dynamo</span>, <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="rolating">rolating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="armature">armature</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poles">poles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="electromagnet">electromagnet</span>. 在直流发电机中，机械能被用来转动电磁铁两极之间的电枢。（动名词<span word="rotating">rotating</span>是介词<span word="for">for</span>的宾语。）</p>
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