简单句、并列句和复合句
<p> 一、句子成分</p><p> （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。</p><p> （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：</p><p> <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="American">American</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="popular">popular</span>.（名词）</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="class">class</span>.（代词）</p><p> <span word="One">One</span>-<span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="girls">girls</span>.（数词）</p><p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="swim">swim</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span>.（不定式）</p><p> <span word="Smoking">Smoking</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="harm">harm</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="health">health</span>.（动名词）</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poor">poor</span>.（名词化的形容词）</p><p> <span word="When">When</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="decided">decided</span>.（主语从句）</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="master">master</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span>.（<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）</p><p> （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：</p>
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