相似词语辨析【1】able和capable
<p> <span word="able">able</span>，<span word="capable">capable</span></p><p> 这一对词都是形容词，又都含有能够、能干之意，但涵义和使用场合有所不同，大致有如下几点区别：</p><p> （一）在用作定语表示能干的意味时，<span word="able">able</span>所描述的范围较概括，<span word="capable">capable</span>所描述的范围较专注，因为前者指某人聪明能干，有多才多艺的概括涵义；后者仅指具有应付某一特指工作要求的能力。例：</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span></p><p> 她是个能干的教师。</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>．</p><p> 她是个能胜任工作的教师。</p><p> （二）<span word="able">able</span>指能够，是一时之现象；<span word="capable">capable</span>常用以指能力，是经常的现象。如：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>．</p><p> 明天我不能到办公室来（指由于某种原因而暂时不能来）。</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="incapable">incapable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="manual">manual</span> <span word="labour">labour</span>．</p><p> 她不能从事体力劳动（指由于某种长期或经常的原因，例如患病而不能劳动）。</p><p> （三）指某人能作某事时，<span word="able">able</span>之后接动词不定式，<span word="capable">capable</span>之后接介词<span word="of">of</span>.例如：</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>．</p><p> 我们能够天黑之前赶回市区。</p><p> <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>．</p><p> 他们没有能力做这件工作。</p>
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