相似词语辨析【8】alive和living
<p> <span word="alive">alive</span>，<span word="living">living</span></p><p> 这两个词都表示活着的、有生命的（<span word="having">having</span> <span word="life">life</span>）意思，词义相同，但用法有所不同。</p><p> <span word="Alive">Alive</span>是表语形容词，放在<span word="verbto">verbto</span> <span word="be">be</span>之后，不能放在它所说明的名词之前。例如我们只可以说 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="alive">alive</span>.</p><p> <span word="Living">Living</span>既可用作表语形容词，又可用作定语形容词，故可放在它所修饰的名词之前。</p><p> 我们既可以说：</p><p> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="language">language</span>．</p><p> 也可以说：</p><p> <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="living">living</span>？</p><p> 就使用场合而言，<span word="alive">alive</span>大都用于人，有时用作比喻或强调时也用于物。例如：</p><p> <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sing">sing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="stage">stage</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="alive">alive</span>．</p><p> 有机会在台上唱歌，他显得很活跃。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bazaar">bazaar</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="alive">alive</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>．</p><p> 我们到达时，墟市非常热闹。</p><p> <span word="Living">Living</span>则人物共用（请参阅上面两例）。</p><p> 就词性而言，<span word="alive">alive</span>只能用作形容词，不能作名词；<span word="living">living</span>既可作形容词，又可作名词。例：</p><p> <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="burnt">burnt</span> <span word="alive">alive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conflagration">conflagration</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="multi">multi</span>-<span word="storeyed">storeyed</span> <span word="building">building</span>．</p><p> 在一幢多层大厦内发生的大火中，很多人被活活烧死。</p><p> <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="steadily">steadily</span>．</p>
页:
[1]