相似词语辨析【41】college，institute，university
<p> <span word="college">college</span>，<span word="institute">institute</span>，<span word="university">university</span></p><p> 这三个词都能表示高等学府之义，但内涵和使用场合有所不同。</p><p> 一般说来，<span word="college">college</span>译作学院，它是<span word="university">university</span> （大学）的一个组成部分，例如，一所综合大学里设有文学院、理学院、医学院等，故一所大学往往是由多所较小的<span word="college">college</span>合并而成。值得注意的是，在英国，大学称为<span word="university">university</span>，而在美国大学称为<span word="college">college</span>；有些规模较小的大学也可称之为<span word="junior">junior</span> <span word="college">college</span>.</p><p> 学院一字的英语对应词很多，除了<span word="college">college</span>之外，尚有<span word="institute">institute</span>，<span word="academy">academy</span>，<span word="school">school</span>，<span word="conservatory">conservatory</span>，<span word="centre">centre</span>和<span word="faculty">faculty</span>等字，例如以前的上海和北京的外语学院均用<span word="institute">institute</span>一词，麻省理工学院（<span word="MIT">MIT</span>）也叫<span word="institute">institute</span>；美国的西点军校用<span word="academy">academy</span>；独立的音乐学院或大学多用<span word="conservatory">conservatory</span>或<span word="academy">academy</span>（欧洲多用）；但一所大学内的音乐学院则叫<span word="School">School</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Music">Music</span>或<span word="College">College</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Music">Music</span>.西方有些医学院称之为<span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="centre">centre</span>；英国大学的学院则大都用<span word="school">school</span>，如<span word="London">London</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Economics">Economics</span>，较小的学院称为<span word="faculty">faculty</span>，如<span word="Faculty">Faculty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Science">Science</span>、<span word="Faculty">Faculty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Arts">Arts</span>，而神学院则用<span word="seminary">seminary</span>一词。</p><p> <span word="Institute">Institute</span>一般也译作学院，但它着重表示单科的或专科性的院校，例如，在中国，一般的铁道、航空、邮电、美术等学院均用<span word="institute">institute</span>一词。值得注意的是，世界著名的学府<span word="MIT">MIT</span>（麻省理工学院）是一所多学科性的大学，但它依然用<span word="institute">institute</span>一词，即：<span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span>，既为世人所知，就没有必要把它改称为<span word="university">university</span>了。</p>
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