相似词语辨析【69】far，by far
<p> <span word="far">far</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span></p><p> 作程度副词时，<span word="far">far</span>和<span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span>近义；<span word="far">far</span>表示很、极、大大地（<span word="much">much</span>）或太／过于（<span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span>）的意思，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span>是最为／更为的意思。二者使用时有下列两点需要注意：</p><p> （一）<span word="far">far</span>经常用在形容词比较级之前，而<span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span>一般多用在最高级之前，例：</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="colder">colder</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>．</p><p> 今天的天气比昨天冷得多。</p><p> <span word="Among">Among</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="gadgets">gadgets</span>，<span word="this">this</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="useful">useful</span>．</p><p> 在这五个新玩意儿中，这个最为有用。</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="method">method</span>．</p><p> 这方法比另一个更完善得多。</p><p> （二）使用<span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span>时，随后的形容词最高级及比较级都附有定冠词<span word="the">the</span>，而<span word="far">far</span>之后的比较级形容词则没有<span word="the">the</span>.例：</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="class">class</span>．</p><p> 她是班里最好的学生。</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="students">students</span>．</p><p> 她比其他学生更优秀。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>，<span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="he">he</span>，<span word="had">had</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worst">worst</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assault">assault</span>．</p><p> <span word="Thackeray">Thackeray</span></p><p> 此外，<span word="far">far</span>可以与<span word="too">too</span>及原级形容词连用，义为太／过于，而<span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span>则不可。例：</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="storm">storm</span>．</p>
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