相似词语辨析【84】human，humane
<p> <span word="human">human</span>，<span word="humane">humane</span></p><p> 这两个词都是形容词，由于拼法相近，故易混淆。</p><p> <span word="Human">Human</span>/<span word="hju">hju</span>: <span word="m">m</span>+<span word="n">n</span>/的意思是人的、人类的（<span word="of">of</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="belonging">belonging</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="man">man</span>），它是个中性词，能用于褒义场合，如<span word="human">human</span> <span word="virtues">virtues</span>；<span word="human">human</span> <span word="achievement">achievement</span>，也能用于贬义场合，如<span word="human">human</span> <span word="follies">follies</span>；<span word="human">human</span> <span word="vices">vices</span>.例：</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="touch">touch</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>．</p><p> 这就是我们所谓的人情味或人性。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cruelty">cruelty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enemies">enemies</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="thanhuman">thanhuman</span>．</p><p> 敌人的残暴行为暴露了他们的豺狼本性。</p><p> <span word="Humane">Humane</span>/<span word="hju">hju</span>: <span word="mein">mein</span>/的意思是仁慈的、人道的（<span word="benevolent">benevolent</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="humanistic">humanistic</span>），它是个褒义词。例：</p><p> <span word="On">On</span> <span word="returning">returning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="prisoners">prisoners</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="expressed">expressed</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="gratitude">gratitude</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="humane">humane</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>．</p><p> 日本战俘在返国时，对他们在中国所受到的人道待遇表示感激。</p><p> <span word="What">What</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="accord">accord</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="humane">humane</span> <span word="spirit">spirit</span>．</p><p> 我们所做的一切都是完全符合人道精神的。</p><p> 应当在此指出，在18世纪之前，<span word="human">human</span>和<span word="humane">humane</span> 在涵义和用法上并没有区别，往往可以互换使用。例如在莎士比亚的作品里，就出现<span word="human">human</span> <span word="statute">statute</span>的说法，我们今天都是用 <span word="humane">humane</span>.英国诗人 <span word="Alexander">Alexander</span> <span word="Pope">Pope</span>也写过<span word="To">To</span> <span word="err">err</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="humane">humane</span>，<span word="to">to</span> <span word="forgive">forgive</span> <span word="divine">divine</span>的诗句，我们今天则说：<span word="To">To</span> <span word="err">err</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="human">human</span>.</p>
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