英语讲义【149】不定式动词可以分开吗？
<p> 众所周知，不定式动词（<span word="Infinitive">Infinitive</span>）的形式是：<span word="to">to</span> + 原动词, 如：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="listen">listen</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sing">sing</span>等等。</p><p> 在一般情况下，<span word="to">to</span> + 原动词必须靠拢，但在某些情况里，<span word="to">to</span>和原动词可以被适当的副词（<span word="Adverb">Adverb</span>）分开，在某些动词句型里，<span word="to">to</span>则必须省略。</p><p> 在什么情况下，不定式动词的两部份可以分开呢？分开的目的何在？在大多数场合里，不定式动词两部分不分开，只有在特殊环境里才准许让副词加入，以便更准确地，更自然地反映某些实际情况。看看下面三个句子：</p><p> （1） <span word="Bob">Bob</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fulfil">fulfil</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="duties">duties</span>.</p><p> （2） <span word="Bob">Bob</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fulfil">fulfil</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="duties">duties</span> <span word="completely">completely</span>.</p><p> （3） <span word="Bob">Bob</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="fulfil">fulfil</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="duties">duties</span>.</p><p> 在（1）里，状态副词<span word="Completely">Completely</span>既可修饰谓语动词<span word="failed">failed</span>，也可修饰不定式动词<span word="to">to</span> <span word="fulfil">fulfil</span>。在 （2） 里，<span word="completely">completely</span>和被修饰的不定式动词离开太远，力道不足，效果欠佳。在 （3） 里，<span word="completely">completely</span>夹在不定式动词两部份之间，把它修饰得既自然又贴切；这个位置，在三个句子中，可说是最恰当的了。</p><p> 同样的，（4）比（5）紧凑；（6）比（7）扎实：</p><p> （4） <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Lim">Lim</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="suddenly">suddenly</span> <span word="quit">quit</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>.</p><p> （5） <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Lim">Lim</span> <span word="suddenly">suddenly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="quit">quit</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>.</p>
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