英语讲义【164】怎样使句子流畅易解
<p> 有写作经验的人都知道，一篇好的文章条件甚多，其中主要的有四点：</p><p> 一、内容丰富；二、段落严密；三、句子流畅；四、词汇贴切。</p><p> 这里只谈句子流畅易解问题。</p><p> 第一，避免一连串的名词。</p><p> 当名词一个接一个地连用，互相修饰、互相依赖时，句子的结构容易模糊不清。例子（1）看起来吃力、讲出来费气、听起来难解，最好透过介词或动词来化解。</p><p> （1） <span word="Government">Government</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span>.</p><p> （2） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Government">Government</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="reforms">reforms</span>. / <span word="Income">Income</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span>. / <span word="The">The</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="tax">tax</span>.</p><p> 第二，避免一连串的介词词组。</p><p> 一个介词组紧接着另一个介词词组一口气排列下去，听起来费解，看起来伤神。例如（3）和（4）都含有太多介词词组，应该分别改为（5）和（6）：</p><p> （3） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="improvement">improvement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="superpowers">superpowers</span>.</p><p> （4） <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="learnt">learnt</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Zealand">Zealand</span>.</p><p> （5） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="improving">improving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="super">super</span> <span word="powers">powers</span>.</p><p> （6） <span word="We">We</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Zealand">Zealand</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>.</p>
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