英语讲义【137】词语的搭配
<p> 不管是从句法或修辞角度看，词语的搭配，都占据重要的位置，不可不察。</p><p> 一般上说，下列这些场合中的词语要配合好，句子的结构才会和谐，词语才会相称：</p><p> ① 主语动词</p><p> ② 动词宾语</p><p> ③ 修饰语词类</p><p> ④ 形容词名词</p><p> ⑤ 副词动词</p><p> ⑥ 形容词分句先行词</p><p> 词语的搭配，对学习中英文的人来说尤其重要，因为中英文在词语的搭配上有同有异。例如英语同一个动词<span word="wear">wear</span>，可以和不同的名词宾语搭配，如：<span word="WEAR">WEAR</span>+<span word="shoes">shoes</span>/ <span word="clothes">clothes</span>/ <span word="spectacles">spectacles</span>等。中文就不行；中文的穿只能和衣鞋连用，眼镜就要改为戴了。</p><p> 再举<span word="cut">cut</span>为例。英语里可以说<span word="CUT">CUT</span>+ <span word="grass">grass</span>/ <span word="finger">finger</span>-<span word="nails">nails</span>/ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tooth">tooth</span>/ <span word="prices">prices</span>/ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="figure">figure</span>/ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="record">record</span>。在中文里<span word="cut">cut</span>（割）只能和草连用；其他的名词宾语，就需要别的动词，如：剪指甲、出牙齿、减价、雕刻石像、灌录唱片。</p><p> 同样道理，中文里同一个动词，英语里却需要不同动词，如：</p><p> 风萧萧、雨萧萧、马萧萧、树萧萧<span word="the">the</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="whistled">whistled</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="pattered">pattered</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="horse">horse</span> <span word="neighed">neighed</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="murmured">murmured</span>.</p><p> 在英语的错误中，词语的搭配不是严重的一类，但也时有出现。例如①<span word="a">a</span>里的动词<span word="harmed">harmed</span>和主语<span word="houses">houses</span>不合；②里的宾语<span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>及<span word="experience">experience</span>和动词<span word="exercise">exercise</span>格格不入；③<span word="a">a</span>里的修饰语<span word="upset">upset</span>和被修饰的名词<span word="eyes">eyes</span>很不相称。把它们改为①<span word="b">b</span>、②<span word="b">b</span>和③<span word="b">b</span>之后，词语间的搭配就很舒畅了：</p>
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