英语讲义【117】BE的语法功能
<p> 英语的<span word="be">be</span>是个特别动词；有些语言，如中文和马来文，并没有<span word="be">be</span>这样的动词。</p><p> <span word="Be">Be</span>除了原形的<span word="be">be</span>之外，还有另外七种形式：<span word="am">am</span>, <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="are">are</span>, <span word="been">been</span>, <span word="being">being</span>, <span word="was">was</span>, <span word="were">were</span>.</p><p> 在句子中，<span word="be">be</span>可以是主动词（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Principal">Principal</span> <span word="Verb">Verb</span>）或助动词（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Auxiliary">Auxiliary</span> <span word="Verb">Verb</span>）.</p><p> 当主动词时，<span word="be">be</span>在性质上属于接系动词（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Linking">Linking</span> <span word="Verb">Verb</span>）, 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语（<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Complement">Complement</span>）。例如： </p><p> 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>.</p><p> 2. <span word="Marys">Marys</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="dresses">dresses</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="colourful">colourful</span>.</p><p> 3. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="before">before</span>.</p><p> 4. <span word="Mother">Mother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kitchen">kitchen</span> <span word="now">now</span>.</p><p> 这四个都是陈述句，可以变成疑问句，方法简单，把主语和<span word="be">be</span>或助动词对换位置即可： </p><p> 5. <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>?</p><p> 6. <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="Marys">Marys</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="dresses">dresses</span> <span word="colourful">colourful</span>?</p><p> 7. <span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="before">before</span>?</p><p> 8. <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kitchen">kitchen</span> <span word="now">now</span>?</p><p> 当<span word="be">be</span>要在祈使句中出现时，它必须借重助动词<span word="do">do</span>或<span word="dont">dont</span>之助，如： </p><p> 9. <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="silly">silly</span>!</p><p> 10. <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="obedient">obedient</span>!</p><p> 11. <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fool">fool</span>!</p><p> <span word="Be">Be</span>有两种缩写法，如下：</p><p> 12. <span word="Hes">Hes</span> <span word="not">not</span>/<span word="He">He</span> <span word="isnt">isnt</span></p><p> 13. <span word="Youre">Youre</span> <span word="not">not</span>/<span word="You">You</span> <span word="arent">arent</span></p><p> 但<span word="am">am</span> + <span word="not">not</span>的缩写法只有一个：</p>
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