英语讲义【97】常见动词的错误用法
<p> 英语动词是所有词类中最易犯错的一种，许多英语运用上的毛病都和动词有关。有时，连常用的动词都会有用法上的错误。例如有些动词意思相近，其实不尽然。至少，在用法上，会有所差别，如 <span word="rise">rise</span>和<span word="raise">raise</span>，<span word="stay">stay</span>和<span word="remain">remain</span>便是。有些动词，单独用时是一个意思和用法，加上介词时，是另一个意思和用法，如 <span word="see">see</span>和<span word="see">see</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="search">search</span>和<span word="search">search</span> <span word="for">for</span> 便是。</p><p> 下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子：</p><p> ① <span word="Sam">Sam</span> <span word="raises">raises</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="The">The</span> <span word="monitor">monitor</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span>.</p><p> 大家知道，<span word="raise">raise</span>是个及物动词，意思是举起，要有宾语； <span word="rise">rise</span>是个不及物动词，意思是起身，不可有宾语。这里的①和② 都错；<span word="raises">raises</span>和<span word="rises">rises</span>必须对换才对。</p><p> ③ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Holiday">Holiday</span> <span word="Inn">Inn</span>.</p><p> ④ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="branches">branches</span>.</p><p> 英语的<span word="remain">remain</span>是留下来；<span word="stay">stay</span>是暂住。显然的，③和④ 是不合逻辑的，<span word="remained">remained</span> 和<span word="stayed">stayed</span>必须互换。</p><p> ⑤ <span word="A">A</span> <span word="crook">crook</span> <span word="robbed">robbed</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="money">money</span>.</p><p> ⑥ <span word="A">A</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="masked">masked</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="stole">stole</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="bank">bank</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>.</p><p> 虽然<span word="robbed">robbed</span>和<span word="stole">stole</span>都是及物动词，有自己的宾语，但是它们在这里的用法不当。<span word="Steal">Steal</span>要跟着被偷的东西，如钱财、珠宝等；<span word="rob">rob</span>的宾语是人或处所。因此，⑤和⑥的<span word="robbed">robbed</span>和<span word="stole">stole</span>要掉转一下。</p>
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