英语讲义【104】中英词序不同
<p> 中英两种语言的结构有很大不同，词序便是其中一种。例如英语单数人称代名词（<span word="singular">singular</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="pronouns">pronouns</span>）的秩序是：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span>; <span word="he">he</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span>; <span word="you">you</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span>.<span word="You">You</span>常常居前；<span word="I">I</span>则殿后。复数人称代词（<span word="plural">plural</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="pronouns">pronouns</span>）的位置是：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span>; <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span>; <span word="we">we</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span>.<span word="We">We</span>常常在最前；<span word="they">they</span>在最后。</p><p> 后面这词序和中文的一样，但前面那种排列，却和中文的不同： 我和你；我和他；我，你，他。我常在前；他常在后。</p><p> 简简单单的人称代词的秩序，就有这么大的差别，其他更复杂的结构之间的差异，可想而知了。</p><p> 现在试再举些其他词序的差异，以飨读者。 ① 要分清敌我<span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="distinguish">distinguish</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enemy">enemy</span>. ② 男女老少<span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span>, <span word="young">young</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="old">old</span> ③ 发展钢铁工业<span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="iron">iron</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="steel">steel</span> <span word="industry">industry</span></p><p> 此外，中英文并列的词语有轻重之分。中文往往把重的词放在前，把分量较轻的摆在后；英语则恰恰相反：轻者在前，重者在后。例如： ④ 无地和少地的农民<span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="peasants">peasants</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="land">land</span> ⑤ 救死扶伤<span word="Heal">Heal</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rescue">rescue</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dying">dying</span>. （扶也可译为<span word="support">support</span>或<span word="assist">assist</span>） ⑥ 使人民经济有所增长，有所补充<span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="supplement">supplement</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="expand">expand</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>.</p><p> 上述中英词序的差异，稍微不察，便会出错，在各别使用中文式英语时，难免感到句式不自然，不舒畅；因此要多多留意。</p>
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