英语讲义【69】句子的类别
<p> 就结构而言,英语句子有4类：简单句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>），并列句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="compound">compound</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>）；复杂句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>）；并列复杂句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="compound">compound</span>-<span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>）。</p><p> 只有一个主语（<span word="subject">subject</span>）和谓语（<span word="predicate">predicate</span>）的句子，叫简单句。两个或两个以上的简单句，由等立连词（<span word="coordinating">coordinating</span> <span word="conjunction">conjunction</span>）<span word="and">and</span>, <span word="or">or</span>, <span word="but">but</span>, <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="for">for</span>等连接的句子，叫并列句。例如：</p><p> ① <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manager">manager</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="singing">singing</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> 由一个主句（<span word="main">main</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）和至少一个从属分句（也称从句, （<span word="subordinate">subordinate</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）合成的句子，叫复杂句。根据性质和功能，从句有3种，即：㈠ 名词从句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="noun">noun</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）；㈡形容词从句（也称定语从句, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adjective">adjective</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relative">relative</span> <span word="clause">clause</span> ）；㈢副词从句（也称状语从句, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adverb">adverb</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）。</p><p> 如果一句里有两个或以上的并列句，再加上至少一个从属分句，这种句子就是并列复杂句。</p><p> 从属分句的共同点是，它们都要由从属连词（<span word="subordinating">subordinating</span> <span word="conjunction">conjunction</span>）引导而出。</p><p> 名词从句主要由<span word="That">That</span>引导，如：</p><p> ④ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="unwell">unwell</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.</p><p> ⑤ <span word="That">That</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="denied">denied</span>.</p>
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